A client’s maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level is elevated at 17 weeks.
What condition should the nurse identify as the likely cause of this increase?

Multiple gestation.

Fetal hypoxia.

Down syndrome.

Neural tube defect.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

While multiple gestation can cause an increase in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MS-AFP) levels, it is not the most likely cause of an elevated MS-AFP level at 17 weeks.

Choice B rationale

Fetal hypoxia, or lack of oxygen to the fetus, is not typically associated with an increase in MSAFP levels.

Choice C rationale

Down syndrome is typically associated with lower, not higher, levels of MS-AFP891011.

Choice D rationale

An elevated level of MS-AFP at 17 weeks is most commonly associated with a neural tube defect. Neural tube defects are birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord that occur during the first month of pregnancy.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

While inspecting the infant’s ears daily can help detect signs of an ear infection early, it does not prevent recurrent otitis media.

Choice B rationale

Positioning the infant prone after feeding does not prevent recurrent otitis media and can actually increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

Choice C rationale

While breastfeeding frequently can provide numerous health benefits for the infant, it does not specifically prevent recurrent otitis media.

Choice D rationale

Avoiding exposure to smoke can help prevent recurrent otitis media in infants. Smoke can irritate the Eustachian tubes, which can lead to fluid buildup and increase the risk of ear infections.

A. Assess for bladder distention. B. Listen for bowel sounds. C. Document the observation. D. Check the scrotum for testicular descent.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
While assessing for bladder distention is important in general urinary assessment, it is not directly related to the observation of the infant voiding a urinary stream from the ventral surface of the penis.
Choice B rationale
Listening for bowel sounds is a part of the general abdominal assessment. However, it does not provide information related to the observation of the infant voiding a urinary stream from the ventral surface of the penis.
Choice C rationale
Documenting the observation is the correct action. The nurse has observed that the infant voids a urinary stream from the ventral surface of the penis. This could indicate a condition such as hypospadias, where the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis. This is an important finding that should be documented and reported.
Choice D rationale
Checking the scrotum for testicular descent is part of the general assessment of the male genitalia. However, it does not provide information related to the observation of the infant voiding a urinary stream from the ventral surface of the penis.

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A client’s maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level is elevated at 17 weeks. What condition should the nurse identify as the likely cause of this increase?

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice D rationale

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is educating parents on how to prevent recurrent otitis media in their infant. What advice should the nurse give?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

The nurse finds that an infant admitted for surgical repair of an inguinal hernia voids a urinary stream from the ventral surface of the penis. What action should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A client’s maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level is elevated at 17 weeks.
What condition should the nurse identify as the likely cause of this increase?