A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who normally takes an oral antidiabetic agent asks the nurse why insulin is necessary during this hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation and pneumonia. Review of the medication record indicates the client is taking methylprednisolone, clindamycin, and pioglitazone. How should the nurse respond?

"Antibiotics cause significant fluctuations in blood glucose, which are controlled with insulin."

"The infection and the steroid medications you are taking can increase your blood sugar."

"You may need to take insulin when you go home since your oral agent is no longer sufficient."

"The use of insulin is easier to control your blood sugars while you are hospitalized."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. While antibiotics can influence blood glucose, the primary reason for insulin in this context is the effect of steroids and infection on blood glucose levels.
B. Methylprednisolone, a steroid, can increase blood glucose levels, necessitating the use of insulin to manage elevated glucose levels during illness.
C. The need for insulin is related to the current hospitalization and medication effects, not necessarily a long-term change in diabetes management.
D. The ease of control is less relevant compared to the fact that steroids and infection can significantly impact blood glucose levels, necessitating insulin during hospitalization.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Allergic rhinitis is characterized by intranasal edema and swelling of the turbinates due to inflammation caused by allergens. This is a common physical finding in clients with allergic rhinitis.
B. Purulent secretions typically indicate an infection rather than an allergic condition.
C. Bilateral, pale gray nodules might suggest nasal polyps, which are associated with chronic sinusitis rather than acute allergic rhinitis.
D. Eye tearing is common in allergic rhinitis, but thick yellow nasal drainage suggests an infection rather than an allergic reaction.

A. Client experiencing dysphagia who is prescribed a full liquid diet. B. Client receiving 30% oxygen via a non-rebreather face mask. C. Client who has sensory aphasia and is receiving a clear liquid diet. D. Client with a nasogastric tube to low, intermittent suction.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, significantly increases the risk of aspiration, especially when consuming a full liquid diet that may not be easily controlled in the mouth. Aspiration can lead to serious complications, such as aspiration pneumonia.
B. Oxygen administration via a face mask does not typically increase the risk of aspiration unless the client has underlying conditions affecting swallowing.
C. Sensory aphasia affects communication but does not directly impact the swallowing mechanism, so it poses less risk of aspiration compared to dysphagia.
D. While clients with a nasogastric tube may be at some risk for aspiration, the risk is lower compared to a client with dysphagia actively consuming liquids.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is being evaluated for environmental allergies. While examining the client's nasal passage, which finding suggests to the nurse that the client is experiencing allergic rhinitis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which client is at greatest risk for aspiration?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

While assessing placement of a nasogastric tube (NGT), the nurse aspirates cloudy green fluid into a syringe. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

In assessing a client's neck, the nurse hears a blowing swish when auscultating the area over the left carotid artery, but hears no sound over the right carotid artery. How should the nurse document this finding?

A parent brings a preteen daughter to the clinic for her first female examination. During the health assessment, the nurse should implement which technique to determine if the client has reached the age of menarche?

The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has a new prescription for insulin glargine. Which action should the nurse plan to Include in the discharge teaching?

During the shift change report, the nurse is told that a client has a stage 2 pressure injury. Which ulcer appearance is most likely to be observed?

A client who is taking an oral contraceptive receives a new prescription for erythromycin. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?