A client with chronic renal failure presents with difficulty concentrating, irritability, and muscle cramps. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect as the cause of these symptoms?

Hyperkalemia

Hyponatremia

Hypocalcemia

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia, or high potassium levels, can cause muscle weakness and potentially cardiac arrhythmias, but it is not typically associated with difficulty concentrating or irritability.

B. Incorrect. Hyponatremia, or low sodium levels, can cause neurological symptoms such as confusion and headache, but it is not typically associated with muscle cramps.

C. Incorrect. Hypocalcemia, or low calcium levels, can cause muscle cramps and neurological symptoms, but it is not specifically associated with difficulty concentrating and irritability.

D. Correct. Hyperphosphatemia, or high phosphorus levels, is common in chronic renal failure due to impaired kidney function. Elevated phosphorus levels can lead to the binding of calcium, resulting in decreased ionized calcium in the blood. This can cause neuromuscular irritability, difficulty concentrating, and muscle cramps.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Diabetes is strongly associated with an increased risk of chronic renal failure. Chronic kidney disease related to diabetes is known as diabetic nephropathy.

B. Correct. Diabetes is a leading cause of chronic renal failure. Uncontrolled high blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys over time, leading to kidney disease.

C. Incorrect. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of chronic renal failure. It is essential for individuals with either type of diabetes to manage their blood sugar levels to reduce the risk of kidney complications.

D. Incorrect. Chronic renal failure can be caused by various factors, but diabetes is a significant and common cause of kidney disease, especially in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.

A. Encourage regular physical activity to improve energy levels. B. Administer iron supplements to address anemia-related fatigue. C. Instruct the client to increase protein intake for energy support. D. Offer caffeine-containing beverages to combat fatigue.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Incorrect. While physical activity is essential for overall health, the client's fatigue may be related to anemia, not lack of physical activity.

B. Correct. Fatigue and lethargy are common symptoms of anemia, which is a common complication of chronic renal failure. Iron supplements can help address anemia-related fatigue.

C. Incorrect. Increasing protein intake may not directly address the underlying cause of the client's fatigue, which is likely anemia.

D. Incorrect. Caffeine-containing beverages can contribute to fluid overload and hypertension in chronic renal failure and are not a suitable intervention for addressing fatigue.

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A client with chronic renal failure presents with difficulty concentrating, irritability, and muscle cramps. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect as the cause of these symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client asks the nurse about the role of diabetes in the development of chronic renal failure. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is planning care for a client with chronic renal failure who is experiencing fatigue and lethargy. Which nursing intervention should be included in the client's plan of care?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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