A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

"High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis."

"Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis."

"Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis."

"Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis." Chronic renal disease often develops as a complication of long-standing

hypertension. Persistent high blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing blood flow and causing kidney tissue damage over time.

B. "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis." This statement describes changes seen in conditions like diabetic nephropathy but is not specific to the development of renal disease in hypertension.

C. "Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

D. "Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Incompetence: Incompetence refers to a lack of skill or ability to perform a task effectively. It is not a desirable quality in a leader and would hinder rather than facilitate the implementation of new processes.

B. Integrity: Integrity is essential for a leader but is not specifically related to implementing new suggestions or initiatives. Integrity involves honesty, ethics, and adherence to moral principles.

C. Initiative: Initiative refers to the ability to take action and drive forward new ideas or projects. A leader with initiative is proactive and encourages innovation and improvement within the organization. Implementing suggestions for streamlining processes requires initiative to initiate change and drive improvement.

D. Fear: Fear is not a desirable quality in a leader when it comes to implementing changes or new initiatives. Leaders need to be confident, decisive, and willing to take calculated risks to drive positive change and improvement. Fear can inhibit innovation and progress.

A. Client develops petechiae on the arms, legs, and abdomen. B. Health care provider orders Coumadin 2.5 mg P.O. to begin today. C. Client develops slight ecchymosis at the venipuncture site. D. Client's partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is 70 seconds and the control is 25-40 seconds.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Client develops petechiae on the arms, legs, and abdomen: Petechiae can indicate thrombocytopenia, which may be a complication of heparin therapy but is not an urgent concern unless severe or associated with bleeding.

B. Health care provider orders Coumadin 2.5 mg P.O. to begin today: Coumadin (warfarin) is often initiated as a bridge therapy or overlap with heparin therapy in pulmonary embolism management. This order is not necessarily inappropriate and may be part of the treatment plan.

C. Client develops slight ecchymosis at the venipuncture site: Ecchymosis at the venipuncture site can occur due to minor trauma during the insertion of IV lines or blood draws and is not necessarily indicative of a complication requiring immediate notification of the healthcare provider.

D. Client's partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is 70 seconds and the control is 25-40 seconds: A significantly elevated PTT indicates a potential overdose of heparin, putting the client at risk of bleeding complications. This finding warrants immediate notification of the healthcare provider for further evaluation and possible adjustment of heparin therapy.

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A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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