A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?
"High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis."
"Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis."
"Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis."
"Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis."
The Correct Answer is A
A. "High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis." Chronic renal disease often develops as a complication of long-standing
hypertension. Persistent high blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing blood flow and causing kidney tissue damage over time.
B. "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis." This statement describes changes seen in conditions like diabetic nephropathy but is not specific to the development of renal disease in hypertension.
C. "Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.
D. "Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Allergic rhinitis: This is a common manifestation of a type I hypersensitivity reaction, often involving nasal congestion, sneezing, and itching.
B. Cough: While a cough can occur, it is not as specific or common in the context of systemic type I hypersensitivity reactions as the other options.
C. Hypotension: Hypotension can occur due to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, which are hallmarks of systemic anaphylaxis.
D. Wheezing: Wheezing results from bronchoconstriction, a common feature in systemic type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis.
E. Urticaria: Urticaria (hives) is a common skin manifestation of a type I hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by itchy, raised welts on the skin.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Prolonged P-R interval: A prolonged P-R interval may indicate an atrioventricular (AV) block or conduction delay, but it is not specifically associated with hyperkalemia.
B. Peaked T waves: Peaked T waves are a classic EKG finding in hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can affect cardiac repolarization, leading to tall, peaked T waves on the EKG.
C. Elevated ST segment: An elevated ST segment may indicate myocardial injury or ischemia but is not typically associated with hyperkalemia.
D. Inverted P wave: An inverted P wave may indicate atrial enlargement or conduction abnormalities but is not specifically associated with hyperkalemia.
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