A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

"High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis."

"Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis."

"Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis."

"Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis." Chronic renal disease often develops as a complication of long-standing

hypertension. Persistent high blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing blood flow and causing kidney tissue damage over time.

B. "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis." This statement describes changes seen in conditions like diabetic nephropathy but is not specific to the development of renal disease in hypertension.

C. "Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

D. "Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Health care providers should be told about the diagnosis to deliver safe care: Health care providers need to know the client's diagnosis to provide appropriate and safe care. This includes administering medications, assessing for opportunistic infections, and implementing preventive measures.

B. Most people in current society would be accepting of the diagnosis: While stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS has decreased over time, disclosure is a personal decision, and not all individuals may be accepting of the diagnosis. Therefore, this statement may not always be accurate.

C. Intimate partners should be told so they can protect themselves: Disclosing the diagnosis to intimate partners is essential for their health and well-being, as it allows them to take necessary precautions to prevent transmission of the virus.

D. The diagnosis is reportable to the state health department: In many jurisdictions, HIV/AIDS diagnoses are reportable to the state health department for surveillance and public health monitoring purposes. This reporting is typically done without disclosing the client's identity.

E. Secrecy about the diagnosis is the privilege of the client: While confidentiality is crucial, it's important to balance it with public health considerations and the well-being of others who may be at risk of infection.

A. Give the client a low sodium diet. B. Monitor for serum electrolyte imbalances. C. Obtain daily weights. D. Educate the client on techniques to cope with thirst. E. Increase IV fluids.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Give the client a low sodium diet: SIADH causes retention of water and dilutional hyponatremia. Therefore, restricting sodium intake can help prevent further fluid retention and worsening of hyponatremia.

B. Monitor for serum electrolyte imbalances: SIADH can lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia. Monitoring electrolyte levels, especially sodium, is essential for early detection and intervention.

C. Obtain daily weights: Monitoring daily weights is crucial for assessing fluid balance and detecting changes in hydration status, which is essential in clients with SIADH.

D. Educate the client on techniques to cope with thirst: Clients with SIADH often experience excessive thirst due to the body's inability to excrete excess water. Educating the client on strategies to manage thirst, such as chewing gum or sucking on ice chips, can help improve comfort.

E. Increase IV fluids: This option is incorrect because SIADH is characterized by water retention, so increasing IV fluids would exacerbate the condition and worsen hyponatremia.

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A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client diagnosed with autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) expresses to a nurse that they will never permit disclosure of their diagnosis to anyone. The nurse should provide the client with which of the following education? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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