A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?
"High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis."
"Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis."
"Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis."
"Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis."
The Correct Answer is A
A. "High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis." Chronic renal disease often develops as a complication of long-standing
hypertension. Persistent high blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing blood flow and causing kidney tissue damage over time.
B. "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis." This statement describes changes seen in conditions like diabetic nephropathy but is not specific to the development of renal disease in hypertension.
C. "Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.
D. "Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This result shows a slightly elevated PaCO2, which could suggest respiratory compensation for a metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis, as the pH is within the normal range.
B. This result indicates both a low pH and an elevated PaCO2, which are consistent with respiratory acidosis. The low HCO3 also suggests a metabolic acidosis component, making it the best match for a client with acidosis.
C. The elevated pH indicates alkalosis. The low PaCO2 and high HCO3 further suggest a primary respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation.
D. These values are within normal limits, indicating neither acidosis nor alkalosis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Grilled chicken, white rice, sliced peaches: While grilled chicken is a lean protein source, white rice is low in fiber and may not be the best choice for someone experiencing severe diarrhea. Sliced peaches are a good fruit choice, but the meal lacks sufficient fiber and other nutrients.
B. Spaghetti with tomato sauce, meatballs, and garlic bread: This meal contains high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods, which may exacerbate diarrhea. Tomato sauce can be acidic and irritating to the digestive system for some individuals.
C. Fried shrimp, cauliflower, yogurt with granola: Fried foods are high in fat and may worsen diarrhea. Cauliflower is a good vegetable choice, but yogurt with granola may not be well- tolerated if the client is lactose intolerant or sensitive to dairy products.
D. Grilled salmon, brown rice, broccoli: Grilled salmon provides lean protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which can be beneficial for overall health. Brown rice is higher in fiber compared to white rice and can help regulate bowel movements. Broccoli is a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. This meal is well-balanced and nutritious, making it a suitable choice for someone experiencing diarrhea.
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