A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

"High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis."

"Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis."

"Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis."

"Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis." Chronic renal disease often develops as a complication of long-standing

hypertension. Persistent high blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing blood flow and causing kidney tissue damage over time.

B. "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis." This statement describes changes seen in conditions like diabetic nephropathy but is not specific to the development of renal disease in hypertension.

C. "Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

D. "Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Dyspnea on exertion: Dyspnea on exertion is a common symptom in clients with heart failure and may indicate worsening heart function. While it warrants monitoring and potential intervention, it is not as urgent as rapid weight gain.

B. Increased urination: Increased urination may be expected with the use of diuretics, as they promote the excretion of excess fluid from the body. This finding is not typically concerning unless accompanied by other symptoms.

C. Weight gain of 2 pounds in a week: A weight gain of 2 pounds in a week may indicate fluid retention, but it is not as concerning as a rapid weight gain over a shorter period.

D. Weight gain of 3 pounds in 24 hours: A rapid weight gain of 3 pounds in 24 hours is significant and may indicate fluid overload, potentially leading to exacerbation of heart failure symptoms. It should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management.

A. Prolonged P-R interval B. Peaked T waves C. Elevated ST segment D. Inverted P wave

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Prolonged P-R interval: A prolonged P-R interval may indicate an atrioventricular (AV) block or conduction delay, but it is not specifically associated with hyperkalemia.

B. Peaked T waves: Peaked T waves are a classic EKG finding in hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can affect cardiac repolarization, leading to tall, peaked T waves on the EKG.

C. Elevated ST segment: An elevated ST segment may indicate myocardial injury or ischemia but is not typically associated with hyperkalemia.

D. Inverted P wave: An inverted P wave may indicate atrial enlargement or conduction abnormalities but is not specifically associated with hyperkalemia.

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A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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