A client with a history of asthma and bronchitis arrives at the clinic with shortness of breath, productive cough with thickened, tenacious mucus, and the inability to walk up a flight of stairs without experiencing breathlessness.
Which action is most important for the nurse to instruct the client about self-care?
Increase the daily intake of oral fluids to liquefy secretions.
Call the clinic if undesirable side effects of medications occur.
Teach anxiety reduction methods for feelings of suffocation.
Avoid crowded enclosed areas to reduce pathogen exposure.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Liquefying secretions is the most crucial action to address the client's immediate respiratory concerns. Thickened mucus obstructs airflow, leading to shortness of breath, productive cough, and difficulty breathing upon exertion. Increasing fluid intake thins mucus, making it easier to expel and improving ventilation. This directly addresses the client's current symptoms and promotes airway clearance.
Hydration and Mucociliary Clearance: Adequate hydration is indispensable for optimal mucociliary clearance, the natural mechanism that removes mucus from the airways. Fluids moisten the respiratory tract, allowing cilia (tiny hair-like structures) to effectively move mucus upwards, where it can be coughed out or swallowed.
Thinning Mucus: Water acts as a natural expectorant, thinning mucus and reducing its viscosity. This makes it easier for the client to cough up the mucus, clearing the airways and reducing the sensation of breathlessness.
Decreasing Mucus Production: Dehydration can trigger the body to produce more mucus as a protective response. By staying hydrated, the client can help prevent excessive mucus production, further easing symptoms.
Supporting Overall Respiratory Health: Proper hydration maintains the health of the respiratory system's tissues and cells, promoting efficient gas exchange and reducing inflammation.
Preventing Dehydration-Related Complications: Dehydration can exacerbate respiratory problems and lead to other complications, such as fatigue, headaches, and impaired immune function. Maintaining adequate fluid intake helps prevent these issues.
Key points to emphasize to the client:
Drink fluids throughout the day, even if not feeling thirsty.
Water is the best choice, but clear broths, juices, and herbal teas can also contribute to fluid intake. Avoid caffeine and alcohol, as they can be dehydrating.
Monitor urine output to ensure adequate hydration (urine should be pale yellow or clear).
Increase fluid intake during periods of increased mucus production, such as during respiratory infections or exercise.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Checking the patient's temperature again is not a priority at this time. The patient's temperature is within the normal range, and there is no indication that it is the cause of the patient's hypoxia.
Focusing on temperature measurement could delay more crucial interventions to address the patient's breathing difficulty.
Choice B rationale:
While monitoring the patient's heart rate is important, it is not the most immediate priority in this situation. The patient's heart rate is elevated, but it is not dangerously high.
The elevated heart rate is likely a compensatory response to the patient's low oxygen saturation. Addressing the underlying cause of the hypoxia, which is likely respiratory in nature, will also help to stabilize the heart rate.
Choice C rationale:
Observing the patient's breathing is the most important action the nurse can take at this time. The patient's respirations are rapid and shallow, indicating respiratory distress.
This is a serious condition that requires immediate intervention. By observing the patient's breathing, the nurse can assess the severity of the distress and determine the best course of action.
The nurse can observe for signs of increased work of breathing, such as use of accessory muscles, nasal flaring, and retractions. They can also auscultate the lungs to assess for any abnormal breath sounds, such as wheezing or crackles.
This information will help the nurse to determine the underlying cause of the respiratory distress and to initiate appropriate interventions, such as administering oxygen, positioning the patient, or calling for assistance from a respiratory therapist.
Choice D rationale:
Checking the patient's blood pressure is not a priority at this time. The patient's blood pressure is within the normal range. While it is important to monitor the patient's blood pressure, it is not the most immediate concern in this situation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Diminished breath sounds in the right lung: This finding suggests that there is still some inflammation or fluid in the right lung, which is not consistent with fully effective treatment. Normal breath sounds should be clear and equal bilaterally.
PaCO2 55 mm Hg on a blood gas: This finding is slightly elevated, indicating that the patient may be having some difficulty clearing carbon dioxide from the lungs. A normal PaCO2 is 35-45 mm Hg.
Rhonchi in the right lung: Rhonchi are a type of abnormal breath sound that is caused by secretions in the airways. This finding suggests that there is still some inflammation or infection in the right lung.
Choice B rationale:
Oxygen saturation greater than 94%: This finding is within the normal range and indicates that the patient is getting enough oxygen.
Client ambulates without shortness of breath: This finding is a positive sign that the patient's respiratory status is improving. Symmetric chest expansion: This finding indicates that both lungs are expanding equally, which is a good sign.
Choice C rationale:
The assessment findings are mixed, with some findings suggesting improvement (oxygen saturation, ambulation without shortness of breath, symmetric chest expansion) and some findings suggesting that the infection is not fully resolved (diminished breath sounds, elevated PaCO2, rhonchi). This suggests that the treatment has been partially effective, but that the patient may need further treatment to fully resolve the pneumonia.
Choice D rationale:
It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment over time, but the assessment findings in this case are clear enough to determine that the treatment has been partially effective.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.