A client with a closed head injury demonstrates signs of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which additional finding should the nurse expect to obtain?

Weight gain of 2 pounds (0.91 kg) in one day.

Fremitus over the chest wall.

Serum sodium of 150 mEq/L (150 mmol/L).

Urine specific gravity of 1.004.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Weight gain of 2 pounds (0.91 kg) in one day is a sign of fluid retention, which occurs in SIADH due to excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and reduce urine output, leading to hyponatremia and hypervolemia.

Choice B reason: Fremitus over the chest wall is a sign of increased vibration or air movement in the lungs, which can indicate pneumonia, bronchitis, or pleural effusion. These are not related to SIADH, but may be complications of head injury or fluid overload.

Choice C reason: Serum sodium of 150 mEq/L (150 mmol/L) is a sign of hypernatremia, which is a high level of sodium in the blood. This is the opposite of what happens in SIADH, where sodium levels are low due to dilution by excess water.

Choice D reason: Urine specific gravity of 1.004 is a sign of diluted urine, which indicates low concentration of solutes in the urine. This is also the opposite of what happens in SIADH, where urine is concentrated and has a high specific gravity.

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Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"C","dropdown-group-3":"D","dropdown-group-4":"A"}

Explanation

The client has inhaled smoke, which can cause respiratory problemssuch as airway obstruction, bronchospasm, and pulmonary edema. The client also has initial fluid shifts, which can lead to electrolyte imbalancesuch as hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis.

Choice A: inhaled smoke - respiratory problems

This is a correct choice. Inhaled smoke can damage the respiratory system by causing inflammation, edema, and carbon monoxide poisoning.

Choice B: initial fluid shifts - electrolyte imbalance

This is a correct choice. Initial fluid shifts occur when fluid moves from the intravascular space to the interstitial space due to increased capillary permeability. This can result in electrolyte imbalance such as low sodium, high potassium, and low bicarbonate levels.

Choice C: increased cardiac output - high blood sodium levels

This is an incorrect choice. Increased cardiac output is not a condition that occurs in burn patients. High blood sodium levels are not a common finding in burn patients either. High blood sodium levels can occur due to dehydration or excessive sodium intake.

Choice D: decreased catecholamines - hypometabolism

This is an incorrect choice. Decreased catecholamines are not a finding in burn patients. Catecholamines are hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism in response to stress. Burn patients have increased catecholamines due to pain and tissue injury. Hypometabolism is also not a condition that occurs in burn patients. Hypometabolism is a state of low metabolic rate that can occur due to starvation, hypothyroidism, or hypothermia. Burn patients have increased metabolism due to increased energy demands for wound healing and thermoregulation.

A. Consume a high protein diet. B. Obtain a prostate-specific antigen blood level test. C. Take vitamin supplements. D. Increase physical activity.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because consuming a high protein diet is not a recommended strategy to reduce risk factors for BPH. In fact, some studies have suggested that a high protein intake may increase the risk of BPH by stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may promote prostate growth.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because obtaining a prostate-specific antigen blood level test is not a preventive measure for BPH, but rather a diagnostic tool to detect prostate cancer or monitor its treatment. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate gland that can be elevated in both BPH and prostate cancer. However, PSA levels alone cannot distinguish between these two conditions and need to be interpreted along with other factors, such as age, race, family history, and digital rectal examination.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because taking vitamin supplements is not a proven method to reduce risk factors for BPH. While some vitamins, such as vitamin D and vitamin E, may have some beneficial effects on prostate health, there is not enough evidence to support their use as preventive agents for BPH. Moreover, some vitamins, such as vitamin A and vitamin B6, may have adverse effects on prostate health and increase the risk of BPH or prostate cancer.

Choice D reason: This is correct because increasing physical activity is a helpful way to reduce risk factors for BPH. Physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight, lower blood pressure, improve blood circulation, reduce inflammation, and regulate hormone levels. All of these factors can contribute to preventing or delaying the development of BPH.

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A client with a closed head injury demonstrates signs of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which additional finding should the nurse expect to obtain?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"C","dropdown-group-3":"D","dropdown-group-4":"A"}

Explanation

A client asks the nurse for information about how to reduce risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which information should the nurse provide?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who had an appendectomy 4 hours ago. Which finding requires immediate action by the nurse?

Exhibits The nurse is reviewing the physician orders. Which of the following physician’s orders requires priority attention from the nurse? Select all that apply.

A client with acute renal injury (AKI) weighs 110.3 pounds (50 kg) and has a potassium level of 6.7 mEq/L (6.7 mmol/L) is admitted to the hospital. Which prescribed medication should the nurse administer first? Reference Range: Potassium [3.5 to 5 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mmol/L)]

The nurse is providing dietary instructions for a client who is being discharged after passing a calcium oxalate renal stone. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

Exhibits For each assessment finding, explain whether the actions taken were effective or ineffective.

A client is hospitalized with an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exacerbation and is being treated with a corticosteroid. The client develops a rigid abdomen with rebound tenderness. Which action should the nurse take?