A client who is unconscious and has extensive internal injuries arrives via ambulance to the emergency department. The staff cannot reach the client's family. Which of the following permits the staff to proceed with emergency surgery?

Choice A Reason:
"Clients who participate in research studies forfeit their HIPAA right to privacy. "This statement is incorrect. While research studies may involve the use of personal health information, participants still retain their HIPAA rights to privacy. Research institutions are required to follow strict guidelines for protecting participants' privacy and confidentiality.
Choice B Reason:
"HIPAA prohibits the uploading of photographs of client's providers to social media sites. "This statement is true. HIPAA prohibits the unauthorized disclosure of protected health information (PHI), which includes photographs, on social media or any other public platform without the patient's explicit consent.
Choice C Reason:
"HIPAA allows facility-specific coding of client health care information to ensure privacy." This statement is ambiguous and could be interpreted in different ways. HIPAA requires covered entities to implement safeguards to protect the privacy of health information, which may include coding or encryption of data. However, facility-specific coding alone may not be sufficient to ensure privacy compliance without proper implementation of HIPAA privacy and security standards.
Choice D Reason:
"HIPAA allows clients to request a review of their own medical records. “This statement is correct. HIPAA grants individuals the right to access and review their own medical records held by covered entities, such as healthcare providers and health plans. This access allows patients to verify the accuracy of their medical information and understand how their health information is being used and disclosed.

Choice A Reason:
A client who is at risk for pressure ulcers and has an albumin level of 4.2 g/dL is correct. This client has multiple risk factors for developing pressure ulcers, including a low albumin level. An interdisciplinary conference would be beneficial to involve various healthcare professionals, such as wound care specialists, dietitians, and physical therapists, to develop a comprehensive plan of care to prevent and manage pressure ulcers.
Choice B Reason:
A client who has Type 1 diabetes and uses an insulin pump is incorrect. While managing Type 1 diabetes requires coordination among healthcare providers, the use of an insulin pump alone may not necessitate an interdisciplinary conference unless there are specific concerns or issues that require input from multiple disciplines.
Choice C Reason:
A client who is receiving heparin and has an aPTT of 34 seconds is incorrect. Monitoring heparin therapy and adjusting doses based on laboratory values such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is typically within the purview of the nursing and medical team. An interdisciplinary conference may not be necessary unless there are complications or concerns that require input from other healthcare professionals.
Choice D Reason:
A client who has orthostatic hypotension and is receiving IV fluids is incorrect. Orthostatic hypotension and IV fluid management are often managed primarily by the nursing and medical team. While input from other disciplines may be valuable in certain cases, it may not warrant scheduling an interdisciplinary conference unless there are specific complexities or challenges that require input from multiple disciplines.