A client who has atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin therapy.
Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the medication?

“I should avoid foods that are high in vitamin K.”.

“I should take this medication with food.”.

“I should report any unusual bleeding or bruising to my provider.”.

“I should avoid taking aspirin while taking this medication.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

The client's statement, "I should avoid foods that are high in vitamin K," indicates an understanding of the medication. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Consistent intake of vitamin K-containing foods helps maintain a stable INR (International Normalized Ratio) and warfarin's effectiveness. Clients on warfarin should be educated about avoiding drastic changes in their vitamin K intake.

Choice B rationale:

Taking warfarin with food or on an empty stomach doesn't significantly impact its efficacy. Therefore, this statement is not indicative of the client's understanding of the medication.

Choice C rationale:

The statement "I should report any unusual bleeding or bruising to my provider" is important but doesn't specifically reflect an understanding of warfarin. It's a general caution for anyone taking anticoagulants.

Choice D rationale:

While it's important to avoid excessive use of medications like aspirin that can increase the risk of bleeding, this statement doesn't directly demonstrate an understanding of warfarin itself.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Ketonuria is not a common complication of diabetes insipidus. Ketonuria is associated with diabetes mellitus, a different condition that results in the accumulation of ketones in the urine due to insufficient insulin.

Choice B rationale:

Peripheral edema is also an unlikely complication of diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and urination, not fluid retention or peripheral edema.

A. Hyperglycemia. B. Ketonuria. C. Metabolic acidosis. D. Hypokalemia. E. Dehydration. F. Kussmaul respirations.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
Hyperglycemia is a key symptom of DKA. It occurs when there is an insufficient amount of insulin in the body to allow glucose to enter cells for use as energy. As a result, the body begins to break down fat for fuel, leading to the production of ketones and causing blood glucose levels to rise. Normal blood glucose levels are between 4.0 to 6.0 mmol/L when fasting and up to 7.8 mmol/L two hours after eating2.
Choice B rationale:
Ketonuria, or the presence of ketones in the urine, is another symptom of DKA. When the body breaks down fat for energy, ketones are produced. If too many ketones build up in the blood, they can spill over into the urine1.
Choice C rationale:
Metabolic acidosis occurs in DKA due to the accumulation of ketones in the blood. Ketones are acidic, and when they build up in the blood, they cause the blood to become more acidic, leading to metabolic acidosis1.
Choice D rationale:
Hypokalemia is not a symptom of DKA. In fact, patients with DKA often have high potassium levels in their blood at presentation because acidosis causes potassium to move from inside the cells into the bloodstream1. However, during treatment for DKA, when insulin is administered and acidosis is corrected, potassium moves back into the cells and can lead to low potassium levels or hypokalemia1.
Choice E rationale:
Dehydration is a common symptom of DKA. High blood glucose levels lead to increased urination as the body tries to get rid of the excess glucose. This can result in dehydration1.
Choice F rationale:
Kussmaul respirations are a type of hyperventilation that occurs in DKA as the body tries to get rid of excess acids (ketones) through the lungs by breathing rapidly and deeply1.

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A client who has atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin therapy.Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the medication?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is admitted to the intensive care unit with diabetes insipidus due to a pituitary gland tumor.Which potential complication should the nurse monitor closely?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Patient Data. Exhibits What are the signs and symptoms of DKA? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

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A client who has atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin therapy.
Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the medication?