A client who abused intravenous drugs was diagnosed with the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) several years ago.
The nurse explains that the diagnostic criterion for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been met when the client:
Develops an acute retroviral syndrome
Has a CD4+ T lymphocyte level of less than 200 cells/mm
Is capable of transmitting the virus to others
Contracts HIV-specific antibodies A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed as HIV positive.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) is an early stage of HIV infection that often presents with flu-like symptoms. It does not determine AIDS diagnosis.
Choice B rationale:
A CD4+ T lymphocyte level of less than 200 cells/mm is a defining criterion for AIDS diagnosis. This low count indicates a severely weakened immune system, leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infections and other AIDS-defining illnesses.
Choice C rationale:
A person with HIV can transmit the virus to others regardless of their CD4+ T cell count. Transmission risk is not a diagnostic criterion for AIDS.
Choice D rationale:
HIV-specific antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to HIV infection but their presence does not signify AIDS progression.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Hydroxychloroquine can cause a rare but serious side effect called bone marrow suppression. This is a decrease in the production of blood cells in the bone marrow.
White blood cells (WBCs) are a key component of the immune system, and a decrease in WBCs can make a patient more susceptible to infections.
Therefore, it's crucial for nurses to monitor the patient's WBC count to detect any potential bone marrow suppression early and take necessary actions to prevent or manage infections.
Choice B rationale:
An increased blood cell count is not a typical side effect of hydroxychloroquine.
Some conditions, like polycythemia vera, can cause an increase in blood cell count, but they are not related to hydroxychloroquine use.
Choice C rationale:
While hydroxychloroquine can sometimes cause a decrease in platelet count, it's less common than bone marrow suppression affecting WBCs.
However, it's still essential for nurses to monitor platelet counts as well, as a significantly low platelet count can impair blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding.
Choice D rationale:
Hydroxychloroquine does not typically affect red blood cell (RBC) counts.
Conditions that affect RBC counts, such as anemia, are not directly related to hydroxychloroquine use.
Correct Answer is ["033"]
Explanation
Step 1 is to calculate the number of milliliters (mL) that contain the ordered dose of 300 mg of clindamycin.
Step 2 is to divide the total milliliters (mL) from Step 1 by the infusion time in minutes to get the flow rate in mL/hour. Here are the calculations:
Step 1:
900 mg of clindamycin is in 50 mL.
To find the mL that contain 300 mg, set up a proportion:
(300 mg / 900 mg) = (x mL / 50 mL) Cross-multiply and solve for x:
x = (300 mg * 50 mL) / 900 mg x = 16.67 mL
Step 2:
The infusion time is 30 minutes.
Divide the total mL (16.67 mL) by the infusion time in hours to get the flow rate in mL/hour: Flow rate = 16.67 mL / (30 minutes / 60 minutes/hour)
Flow rate = 33.33 mL/hour
Round to the nearest whole number, using a leading zero if it applies, and no trailing zero: Flow rate = 033 mL/hour
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