A client who abused intravenous drugs was diagnosed with the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) several years ago.
The nurse explains that the diagnostic criterion for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been met when the client:

Develops an acute retroviral syndrome

Has a CD4+ T lymphocyte level of less than 200 cells/mm

Is capable of transmitting the virus to others

Contracts HIV-specific antibodies A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed as HIV positive.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:
Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) is an early stage of HIV infection that often presents with flu-like symptoms. It does not determine AIDS diagnosis.

Choice B rationale:
A CD4+ T lymphocyte level of less than 200 cells/mm is a defining criterion for AIDS diagnosis. This low count indicates a severely weakened immune system, leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infections and other AIDS-defining illnesses.

Choice C rationale:
A person with HIV can transmit the virus to others regardless of their CD4+ T cell count. Transmission risk is not a diagnostic criterion for AIDS.

Choice D rationale:
HIV-specific antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to HIV infection but their presence does not signify AIDS progression.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A:
Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties. Activity intolerance is a common symptom, resulting in patients experiencing increased fatigue, pain, and decreased function with exertion.
A program of regular mild to moderate exercise is considered the cornerstone of management for fibromyalgia. Exercise improves physical fitness, reduces pain intensity, and enhances sleep quality. It also decreases fatigue and depression, and improves overall well-being and quality of life. The key is to start with low-impact activities, gradually increase intensity and duration over time, and listen to the body's signals to avoid overexertion.
Here's how exercise benefits patients with fibromyalgia:
Pain reduction: Exercise releases endorphins, natural pain-relieving chemicals in the brain. It also strengthens muscles and improves joint flexibility, leading to decreased pain intensity and frequency.
Improved physical fitness: Regular exercise increases cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and endurance, allowing patients to tolerate activity better and perform daily tasks with less fatigue.
Enhanced sleep quality: Exercise can regulate sleep patterns, promoting deeper sleep and reducing nighttime pain, leading to improved energy levels and mood throughout the day.
Reduced fatigue and depression: Exercise triggers the release of mood-boosting neurotransmitters, like serotonin and dopamine, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression and fatigue commonly associated with fibromyalgia.
Improved overall well-being: Regular physical activity enhances self-efficacy, reduces stress, and promotes social interaction, contributing to a better quality of life for patients with fibromyalgia.
Therefore, a program of regular mild to moderate exercise is the most effective recommendation for patients with fibromyalgia to address activity intolerance and improve their overall well-being.
Rationale for other choices:

Choice B: While daily meditation and guided imagery can be helpful for managing stress and improving sleep in fibromyalgia, they are not as effective as exercise in directly addressing activity intolerance and improving physical fitness and function.

Choice C: Referral to physical therapy for an assistive device may be necessary in some cases with severe limitations, but it is not the first-line intervention for addressing activity intolerance in most patients with fibromyalgia. Exercise should be the initial focus, with assistive devices considered later if needed.

Choice D: NSAID medications can offer temporary pain relief, but they do not address the underlying cause of activity intolerance in fibromyalgia and can have side effects like gastritis and kidney problems. NSAIDs should be used cautiously and only as a complementary therapy alongside exercise in managing fibromyalgia symptoms.
Remember, a tailored exercise program, starting with low-impact activities and gradually increasing intensity, is the key to managing activity intolerance and improving function in patients with fibromyalgia.

A. "Take this medication with food if nausea develops." B. "Monitor for muscle pain." C. "Expect to have increased bruising." D. "Increase your intake of grapefruit juice."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
While taking colchicine with food can help minimize gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, it's not the most crucial instruction for this medication. The primary concern with colchicine is its potential for muscle toxicity.

Choice B rationale:
Colchicine can cause muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, which can be a sign of a serious condition called rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis involves the breakdown of muscle tissue, potentially leading to kidney damage and other complications.
It's crucial for patients to monitor for muscle pain and report it to their healthcare provider promptly if it occurs. Early detection and intervention can help prevent serious complications.

Choice C rationale:
Increased bruising is not a common side effect of colchicine. It's more frequently associated with medications that affect blood clotting, such as warfarin or aspirin.

Choice D rationale:
Grapefruit juice can interact with many medications, including colchicine. It can increase the concentration of colchicine in the bloodstream, potentially leading to toxicity.
It's crucial for patients taking colchicine to avoid grapefruit juice and other grapefruit products.

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A client who abused intravenous drugs was diagnosed with the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) several years ago. The nurse explains that the diagnostic criterion for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been met when the client:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When planning care for a patient diagnosed with fibromyalgia, the nurse addresses the potential problem of activity intolerance. What should the nurse recommend to the patient to most effectively address this problem?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for colchicine to treat gout. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is completing discharge instructions with a client following an acute onset of gout. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the treatment regimen?

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following values should give the nurse the best indication of the client's renal function?

The nurse is planning education for a patient diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Which risk factors should the nurse include in the teaching plan? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is completing discharge teaching to a patient who has seizures and received a vagal nerve stimulator to decrease seizure activity. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

A client has a prescription for seizure precaution. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care?

A nurse is caring for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The patient is prescribed hydroxychloroquine to slow the progression of the disease. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse monitor for this patient?

A client who abused intravenous drugs was diagnosed with the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) several years ago.
The nurse explains that the diagnostic criterion for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been met when the client: