A client recently had an abovetheknee amputation and complains of pain distal to the amputation site. What type of pain is the client experiencing?
Nociceptive
Neuropathic
Cutaneous
Visceral
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Nociceptive pain is not the type of pain that the client is experiencing. Nociceptive pain is caused by the stimulation of nociceptors, which are sensory receptors that detect tissue damage or potential harm. Nociceptive pain is usually localized, sharp, throbbing, or aching. It is associated with injuries such as cuts, burns, sprains, or fractures. The client's pain is not caused by any tissue damage or harm in the distal part of the amputated limb, as there is no tissue left there.
Choice B reason: Neuropathic pain is the type of pain that the client is experiencing. Neuropathic pain is caused by the damage or dysfunction of the nervous system, such as the peripheral nerves, the spinal cord, or the brain. Neuropathic pain is usually chronic, burning, shooting, or tingling. It is associated with conditions such as diabetes, shingles, stroke, or amputation. The client's pain is caused by the disruption of the nerve signals from the amputated limb, which creates a phantom sensation of pain in the missing part.
Choice C reason: Cutaneous pain is not the type of pain that the client is experiencing. Cutaneous pain is caused by the stimulation of the cutaneous receptors, which are sensory receptors that detect touch, temperature, or pressure on the skin. Cutaneous pain is usually superficial, brief, or pricking. It is associated with stimuli such as pinching, scratching, or cold. The client's pain is not caused by any touch, temperature, or pressure on the skin of the distal part of the amputated limb, as there is no skin left there.
Choice D reason: Visceral pain is not the type of pain that the client is experiencing. Visceral pain is caused by the stimulation of the visceral receptors, which are sensory receptors that detect stretch, inflammation, or ischemia in the internal organs. Visceral pain is usually deep, dull, or cramping. It is associated with conditions such as appendicitis, pancreatitis, or bowel obstruction. The client's pain is not caused by any stretch, inflammation, or ischemia in the internal organs of the distal part of the amputated limb, as there are no organs left there.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, which normally live in the mouth, throat, vagina, and intestines. In people with AIDS, the immune system is weakened and cannot control the growth of Candida, leading to oral thrush, esophagitis, vaginitis, or systemic candidiasis.
Choice B reason: Hodgkin's lymphoma is not an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It is characterized by the presence of ReedSternberg cells, which are abnormal lymphocytes. The exact cause of Hodgkin's lymphoma is unknown, but it is not related to any specific infection.
Choice C reason: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a fungal infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci, which normally lives in the lungs of healthy people without causing any symptoms. In people with AIDS, the immune system is weakened and cannot prevent the invasion of Pneumocystis jiroveci, leading to pneumonia, which is a serious and potentially fatal lung infection.
Choice D reason: Clostridium difficile is not an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Clostridium difficile is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium difficile, which normally lives in the colon of healthy people without causing any problems. In some cases, the use of antibiotics can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the colon and allow Clostridium difficile to overgrow and produce toxins, leading to diarrhea, colitis, or pseudomembranous colitis. This infection can affect anyone, regardless of their HIV status.
Choice E reason: NonHodgkin's lymphoma is an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. NonHodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal lymphocytes, which may be B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells. NonHodgkin's lymphoma is associated with several infections, such as EpsteinBarr virus, human herpesvirus 8, hepatitis C virus, and human Tcell leukemia virus, which may trigger the transformation of lymphocytes in people with AIDS.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: A bone fragment has injured the nerve supply in the area is not the best response by the nurse. This may be a possible complication of a fracture, but it does not explain the mechanism of compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome is a condition where the pressure within a closed space (such as a muscle compartment) exceeds the perfusion pressure and causes ischemia and necrosis of the tissues. A bone fragment may damage the nerve, but it does not cause increased pressure in the compartment.
Choice B reason: An injured artery causes impaired arterial perfusion through the compartment is not the best response by the nurse. This may be a possible cause of compartment syndrome, but it is not the most common one. Compartment syndrome is more often caused by venous obstruction than arterial obstruction. An injured artery may reduce the blood flow to the compartment, but it does not cause increased pressure in the compartment.
Choice C reason: Bleeding and swelling cause increased pressure in an area that cannot expand is the best response by the nurse. This is the most common cause of compartment syndrome and explains the pathophysiology of the condition. Bleeding and swelling are the result of inflammation and tissue injury that occur after a fracture. They increase the volume of fluid in the compartment, which cannot expand due to the rigid fascia that surrounds it. This leads to increased pressure in the compartment, which compresses the blood vessels, nerves, and muscles and causes ischemia and necrosis of the tissues.
Choice D reason: The fascia expands with injury, causing pressure on underlying nerves and muscles is not the best response by the nurse. This is not a correct statement, as the fascia does not expand with injury. The fascia is a tough connective tissue that encloses the muscle compartments and limits their expansion. The fascia is part of the problem, not the cause, of compartment syndrome. The fascia prevents the compartment from accommodating the increased volume of fluid and causes increased pressure in the compartment.
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