A client recently diagnosed with cancer continues to miss follow-up appointments and states, "The doctors must have made a mistake—there’s no way I’m that sick." According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism is the client most likely using?
Rationalization
Regression
Denial
Projection
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Rationalization involves creating logical explanations to justify behavior or feelings. In this case, the client is not justifying but outright rejecting the diagnosis, so this does not apply.
Choice B reason: Regression occurs when an individual reverts to earlier developmental behaviors, such as childish actions, to cope with stress. The client is not reverting to earlier behaviors but refusing to accept reality.
Choice C reason: Denial is the refusal to accept reality or facts, blocking external events from conscious awareness. The client’s insistence that the diagnosis is a mistake demonstrates denial, making this the correct defense mechanism.
Choice D reason: Projection occurs when a person attributes their unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else. The client is not attributing their illness to others but rejecting its existence altogether.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: The phallic stage (ages 3–6) involves focus on genital awareness and resolving the Oedipus/Electra complex. This stage does not explain compulsive cleanliness or bathroom avoidance.
Choice B reason: The oral stage (birth–1 year) relates to feeding and oral gratification. Fixation here leads to dependency or oral habits such as smoking, not excessive handwashing.
Choice C reason: The latency stage (ages 6–12) emphasizes social development, friendships, and learning rather than obsessive cleanliness. It does not explain the observed behaviors.
Choice D reason: The anal stage (ages 1–3) centers around toilet training and control over elimination. Fixation here may cause compulsive behaviors like cleanliness, orderliness, or avoidance of bathroom-related tasks, making it the best explanation for the child’s behavior.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: When anxiety is severe, the client cannot focus or process complex discussions. Asking them to explore worries may overwhelm them further.
Choice B reason: Providing extensive information is inappropriate in crisis moments because the client’s concentration and comprehension are impaired.
Choice C reason: Clear, calm, and brief communication helps reduce overstimulation, provides structure, and reassures the client during high anxiety. This is the most therapeutic choice.
Choice D reason: Rapid statements can escalate the client’s sense of being overwhelmed, increasing anxiety rather than calming it.
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