A client presents to the Emergency Department (ED) after ingesting phencyclidine (PCP). Characteristic behaviors of an individual who has ingested PCP include:

Sedated, heightened senses, withdrawn.

Heightened sensory perceptions, nystagmus, hypotension.

Grandiose delusions, hypotension, quiet.

Violence, psychomotor agitation, hypertension.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A Reason:

Sedated, heightened senses, withdrawn. This statement is incorrect. While PCP can cause a range of sensory and psychological effects, sedation and withdrawal are not typical primary symptoms. PCP is more likely to cause agitation and aggressive behavior rather than sedation.

Choice B Reason:

Heightened sensory perceptions, nystagmus, hypotension. This statement is partially correct. PCP can cause heightened sensory perceptions and nystagmus (rapid, involuntary eye movements), but hypotension is not a common symptom. Instead, PCP often leads to hypertension (high blood pressure) due to its stimulant effects.

Choice C Reason:

Grandiose delusions, hypotension, quiet. This statement is incorrect. While PCP can cause grandiose delusions, it is more likely to result in agitation and aggressive behavior rather than a quiet demeanor. Hypotension is also not a typical symptom of PCP intoxication.

Choice D Reason:

Violence, psychomotor agitation, hypertension. This statement is correct. PCP intoxication is commonly associated with violent behavior, psychomotor agitation, and hypertension. These symptoms are due to the drug’s stimulant and dissociative effects, which can lead to severe agitation and aggressive behavior.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is c. Pepperoni pizza and red wine.

Choice A Reason:

Apple pie and coffee are generally safe to consume while taking MAOIs. These foods do not contain high levels of tyramine, which is the substance that can cause dangerous interactions with MAOIs. Tyramine is found in aged, fermented, or cured foods, and neither apple pie nor coffee falls into these categories.

Choice B Reason:

A bagel with cream cheese and tea is also considered safe for individuals taking MAOIs. Cream cheese is a fresh cheese and does not contain high levels of tyramine. Tea, while containing caffeine, does not pose a significant risk of tyramine interaction.

Choice C Reason:

Pepperoni pizza and red wine are high in tyramine and should be avoided by individuals taking MAOIs. Pepperoni is a cured meat, and red wine is a fermented beverage, both of which can lead to a hypertensive crisis when consumed with MAOIs. This combination can cause a dangerous spike in blood pressure, making it the correct answer to the question.

Choice D Reason:

Potato chips and diet cola do not contain high levels of tyramine and are generally safe to consume while taking MAOIs. Potato chips are not aged or fermented, and diet cola, although containing caffeine, does not pose a significant risk of tyramine interaction.

A. Provide positive reinforcement for acting-out behavior. B. Discourage the client from discussing feelings of fear and inferiority. C. Be consistent in staff limit setting. D. Ignore, rather than confront inappropriate behavior.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is c. Be consistent in staff limit setting.

Choice A Reason: Provide Positive Reinforcement for Acting-Out Behavior

Providing positive reinforcement for acting-out behavior is counterproductive, especially for clients with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Positive reinforcement would encourage the continuation of manipulative and disruptive behaviors, which are characteristic of ASPD. Instead, interventions should focus on promoting positive behaviors and discouraging negative ones.

Choice B Reason: Discourage the Client from Discussing Feelings of Fear and Inferiority

Discouraging clients from discussing their feelings is not a therapeutic approach. Clients with ASPD may have underlying issues that contribute to their behavior, and discussing these feelings can be an important part of therapy. Open communication can help in understanding the root causes of their behavior and developing effective treatment plans.

Choice C Reason: Be Consistent in Staff Limit Setting

Consistency in staff limit setting is crucial when dealing with clients with ASPD. These individuals often test boundaries and manipulate situations to their advantage. Consistent limit setting helps establish clear expectations and consequences, which can reduce manipulative behaviors and promote a more structured environment4. This approach helps clients understand that their actions have predictable outcomes, which is essential for behavior modification.

Choice D Reason: Ignore, Rather than Confront Inappropriate Behavior

Ignoring inappropriate behavior can lead to an escalation of such behaviors. Clients with ASPD may interpret this as a lack of consequences, reinforcing their manipulative actions. Confronting inappropriate behavior in a consistent and structured manner is necessary to address and modify these behaviors effectively.

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A client presents to the Emergency Department (ED) after ingesting phencyclidine (PCP). Characteristic behaviors of an individual who has ingested PCP include:

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A psychiatrist prescribes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) for a client. When teaching the client about food interactions with the medication, which foods will the nurse caution the client to avoid?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The intervention appropriate for a client who has been manipulating others and has a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder is to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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