A client ordered grapefruit juice for breakfast. The nurse should review the client's medication record for medications metabolized by the:

Gall bladder

Liver

Kidney

Small bowel

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. Liver: Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes in the liver, which metabolize many drugs (e.g., statins, calcium channel blockers). This inhibition can lead to increased drug levels and toxicity.

A. Gall bladder – The gall bladder stores bile but does not metabolize drugs.

C. Kidney – The kidneys excrete drugs, but grapefruit juice does not significantly impact renal metabolism.

D. Small bowel – Some drug metabolism occurs in the intestines, but grapefruit juice primarily affects liver enzymes.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Having no currently accepted medical use and high potential for abuse: Describes Schedule I drugs (e.g., heroin, LSD, ecstasy).

B. Having a high potential for psychological or physical dependence: Describes Schedule II drugs (e.g., morphine, oxycodone).

C. Having a moderate potential for psychological or physical dependence: Describes Schedule III drugs (e.g., codeine-containing medications).

D. Having a low potential for psychological or physical dependence: Schedule IV drugs (e.g., benzodiazepines like diazepam and tramadol) have a low potential for abuse and dependence compared to Schedule I-III substances.

A. Instruct the client to wait until you are completely finished before asking any questions B. Teach information at a 5th grade level C. Talk about the least important information in the beginning and the most important at the end D. Use teach back method and active learning

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Instruct the client to wait until you are completely finished before asking any questions – This discourages client engagement and may prevent the nurse from addressing concerns in real time.

B. Teach information at a 5th-grade level – While simple language is beneficial, the level should be tailored to the client’s comprehension rather than assuming all clients understand at a 5th-grade level.

C. Talk about the least important information in the beginning and the most important at the end – Clients may have limited attention spans, and it is better to start with essential information.

D. Use teach-back method and active learning: The teach-back method ensures that the client understands the medication instructions by asking them to repeat the information. Active learning engages the client in the learning process, improving retention.

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A client ordered grapefruit juice for breakfast. The nurse should review the client's medication record for medications metabolized by the:

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