A client ordered grapefruit juice for breakfast. The nurse should review the client's medication record for medications metabolized by the:

Gall bladder

Liver

Kidney

Small bowel

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. Liver: Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes in the liver, which metabolize many drugs (e.g., statins, calcium channel blockers). This inhibition can lead to increased drug levels and toxicity.

A. Gall bladder – The gall bladder stores bile but does not metabolize drugs.

C. Kidney – The kidneys excrete drugs, but grapefruit juice does not significantly impact renal metabolism.

D. Small bowel – Some drug metabolism occurs in the intestines, but grapefruit juice primarily affects liver enzymes.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. How long the patient will experience the medication effects: This describes duration of action, not peak effect.

B. How long it will take to see the maximum effect of the medication: The peak effect is the time at which the drug reaches its maximum concentration in the bloodstream, leading to the strongest therapeutic effect.

C. How long it will take to see the beginning of the therapeutic effect of the medication: This describes onset of action, not peak effect.

D. The time it takes for the amount of medication in the body to decrease by half: This describes half-life, not peak effect.

A. Trailing B. Double C. Leading D. Decimal point

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Trailing: Incorrect because trailing zeros (e.g., 5.0 mg) should be avoided, as 5.0 mg could be misread as 50 mg.

B. Double: Not relevant to numeric safety measures.

C. Leading: A leading zero (e.g., 0.5 mg instead of .5 mg) helps prevent medication errors. Without a leading zero, .5 mg could be misread as 5 mg, leading to a dangerous overdose.

Correct Answer: C

D. Decimal point: This refers to the proper use of decimal points in dose documentation. While using decimal points is critical, this alone doesn’t address all potential errors related to formatting (e.g., leading or trailing zeros).

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A client ordered grapefruit juice for breakfast. The nurse should review the client's medication record for medications metabolized by the:

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