A client is being seen in the clinic for severe abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting. The nurse assesses the abdomen and notes an absence of bowel sounds and a very rigid abdomen. What would these assessment findings most likely indicate?
Ulcerative colitis.
Appendicitis.
Peritonitis.
Diverticulitis.
The Correct Answer is C
Peritonitis. The assessment findings of an absence of bowel sounds and a very rigid abdomen in a client with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting are indicative of peritonitis. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs. The inflammation can occur due to an infection or other causes, and it can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and a rigid abdomen. An absence of bowel sounds is also a characteristic finding of peritonitis.
A is not the correct answer because ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum.
B is not the correct answer because appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, which can cause right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
D is not the correct answer because diverticulitis is inflammation of one or more diverticula, which are small pouches that can form in the colon. It can cause left lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, or constipation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A is incorrect because stuporous is a state of reduced consciousness, and does not describe the posturing observed in the client.
Choice B is correct because decerebrate posturing is characterized by extension of the arms, wrists, and fingers, and extension and internal rotation of the legs, with plantar flexion of the feet.
Choice C is incorrect - Decorticate posturing is characterized by flexion of the arms, wrists, and fingers, extension, internal rotation, and adduction of the legs, with plantar flexion of the feet. This is caused by damage to the cerebral cortex and is indicative of a neurological problem.
Choice D is incorrect because flaccidity is a state of complete lack of muscle tone, and does not describe the posturing observed in the client.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"E"}
Explanation
Brudzinski sign is a clinical sign of meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is characterized by reflexive flexion of the knees and hips following passive neck flexion13. To test for this sign, the examiner places one hand on the chest and the other behind the neck of the patient lying flat on the back, and then lifts the head forward. Brudzinski sign was first described by Polish pediatrician Józef Brudziński over 100 years ago. It may be absent, especially in young children.
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