A client has just been informed of a positive HIV test. The client is distraught and does not know what to do. What is the best intervention by the nurse?
Explain the legal requirements to inform sex partners.
Assess the client for support systems.
Offer to inform the family for the client.
Determine if a clergy member would help.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Explaining legal requirements to inform sex partners at this initial stage is not the most appropriate or supportive intervention.
The client is in a state of emotional distress and may not be receptive to information about legal obligations. It's crucial to first address the client's emotional needs and provide support before discussing legal matters.
Prematurely focusing on legalities could further overwhelm the client and potentially hinder the development of a trusting relationship with the nurse.
Choice C rationale:
Offering to inform the family for the client, while well-intentioned, may not respect the client's autonomy and right to privacy. The decision to disclose HIV status to family members is a personal one that should be made by the client, not the nurse.
It's important to empower the client to make their own choices about disclosure and provide support throughout the process.
Choice D rationale:
Determining if a clergy member would help could be a valuable resource for some clients, but it should not be the first or only intervention.
It's essential to first assess the client's individual needs and preferences regarding spiritual support.
Not all clients may find comfort in religious or spiritual guidance, and some may prefer to seek support from other sources.
Choice B rationale:
Assessing the client for support systems is the most appropriate initial intervention because it focuses on the client's immediate needs for emotional support and connection.
By identifying existing support systems (such as family, friends, or community organizations), the nurse can help the client access resources that can provide comfort, understanding, and assistance in coping with the diagnosis.
This approach recognizes the client's emotional state and prioritizes their psychosocial well-being, which is essential in the initial stages of coping with an HIV diagnosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Step 1: Divide the prescribed dose (40 mg) by the concentration on hand (30 mg/mL).
Step 2: Perform the calculation: 40 mg ÷ 30 mg/mL = 1.3333 mL.
Step 3: Round the answer to the nearest tenth: 1.3333 mL rounds to 1.3 mL.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
While advancing age is a significant risk factor for cancer, it is not considered the single biggest risk factor. The risk of developing cancer does increase with age, primarily due to the accumulation of DNA damage over time. This damage can arise from various sources, including exposure to carcinogens, errors in DNA replication, and oxidative stress. With age, the body's ability to repair DNA damage also declines, making cells more susceptible to cancerous changes.
However, it's important to note that cancer can develop at any age, and even younger individuals can be affected if exposed to other significant risk factors.
Choice B rationale:
Exposure to tobacco is widely recognized as the single biggest risk factor for developing cancer. It is estimated to be responsible for about 25-30% of all cancer deaths worldwide.
Tobacco smoke contains over 70 known carcinogens, which are substances that can damage DNA and lead to cancer. These carcinogens can affect various organs in the body, including the lungs, mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, bladder, kidney, cervix, and colon.
The risk of cancer increases with the amount and duration of tobacco use. Even exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of cancer.
Quitting tobacco use is the most effective way to reduce the risk of cancer.
Choice C rationale:
Exposure to occupational chemicals is a known risk factor for certain types of cancer, such as lung cancer, bladder cancer, and leukemia. However, it is not considered the single biggest risk factor for developing cancer overall.
The risk of cancer from occupational chemicals depends on the specific chemical, the level of exposure, and the duration of exposure.
Workplace safety measures, such as using protective equipment and limiting exposure to hazardous chemicals, can help reduce the risk of cancer.
Choice D rationale:
Infection with certain viruses, known as oncoviruses, can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer. For example, infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) can increase the risk of cervical cancer, and infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can increase the risk of liver cancer.
However, oncoviruses are not considered the single biggest risk factor for developing cancer overall. Vaccines are available to protect against some oncoviruses, such as HPV and HBV.
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