A client has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and right-sided heart failure. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

"Eat six small meals a day to limit oxygen needs."

"Increase the intake of protein to decrease intravascular hydrostatic pressure."

"Drink large amounts of fluid to help liquefy secretions."

"Lie down after eating to conserve energy needed for digestion."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Eating six small meals a day prevents excessive oxygen demand during digestion and reduces bloating, which can impair breathing.
B. Protein intake is important, but it does not directly impact intravascular hydrostatic pressure in a way that would help with COPD and right-sided heart failure.
C. While adequate hydration is necessary, excessive fluid intake can worsen right-sided heart failure by increasing fluid retention and edema.
D. Lying down after eating can worsen dyspnea and lead to reflux, which is not advisable for COPD patients.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Drawing a basic metabolic panel (BMP) is important for monitoring electrolyte imbalances, especially potassium in clients on diuretics, but it is not the priority intervention.
B. Obtaining a health history is necessary, but assessing the client’s current status takes priority in an acute setting.
C. Auscultating the lung and heart sounds is correct. In heart failure, pulmonary congestion and fluid overload can quickly lead to respiratory distress. The nurse should immediately assess for crackles, wheezing, or signs of pulmonary edema, as well as abnormal heart sounds that may indicate worsening heart failure.
D. Assessing pulse and temperature is routine, but assessing lung and heart sounds directly evaluates for acute decompensation and should be prioritized.

A. Hemoptysis B. Petechiae C. Tachycardia D. Facial weakness

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is a known symptom of a pulmonary embolism (PE). It results from lung tissue damage due to obstructed blood flow.
B. Petechiae are not typically associated with a PE. They are more commonly linked to conditions such as thrombocytopenia or fat embolism syndrome.
C. Tachycardia is a common manifestation of a PE. The heart rate increases as a compensatory mechanism due to decreased oxygenation.
D. Facial weakness is not a typical sign of PE. It is more commonly associated with conditions like stroke or Bell's palsy.

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A client has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and right-sided heart failure. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

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