A client frequently wanders around the unit, and the staff frequently needs to reorient the client to the environment and remind her not to walk into the rooms of other clients on the unit. Due to short staffing the decision is made to use a restraint device to prevent this from occurring. This action may constitute

A. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning the difference between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose is small. Frequent monitoring allows for early detection of rising lithium levels, preventing toxicity.
B. While monitoring lithium levels is important for overall treatment, it's not primarily used to identify relapse.
C. Lithium primarily affects the kidneys, not the liver. Liver function tests are important for overall health monitoring but are not the primary reason for frequent lithium level checks.
D. While this is a goal, the primary reason for such frequent monitoring is to prevent toxicity, which can occur rapidly.

A. During depressive episodes, individuals often experience psychomotor retardation, which can manifest as slow and sluggish movements. In contrast, the manic stage is marked by heightened energy and activity levels.
B. Feelings of extreme sadness and hopelessness are characteristic of the depressive stage of bipolar disorder. During manic episodes, individuals typically experience elevated mood, which might be euphoric, irritable, or excessively optimistic, rather than feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
C. This is a hallmark of the manic stage of bipolar disorder. During a manic episode, individuals often have significantly increased energy levels, engage in numerous activities, and may exhibit restlessness.
This heightened activity can include impulsive or risky behaviors, excessive talking, and a reduced need for sleep.
D. Loss of appetite and weight loss are more commonly seen during depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. During manic episodes, individuals might experience an increased appetite or engage in disinhibited eating behaviors, which contrasts with the decreased appetite often observed in depressive stages.