A client arrives at a hurricane disaster medical area seeking treatment for diarrhea.
Which source of contamination should the nurse consider when interviewing the client about exposure?
Nosocomial transmission in the medical area.
Food contamination from flood waters.
Drinking water contaminated by sewage.
Close living quarters at evacuation centers.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Nosocomial transmission in the medical area. Rationale: Nosocomial transmission refers to infections that are acquired in healthcare settings. While it's essential for healthcare professionals to be aware of this risk, the client's presentation of diarrhea in a hurricane disaster area is more likely due to environmental factors rather than hospital-acquired infection.
Choice B rationale:
Food contamination from floodwaters. Rationale: In the aftermath of a hurricane, floodwaters can carry contaminants and pathogens, leading to food contamination. This is a significant concern, and the nurse should educate the client about the potential risks associated with consuming food exposed to floodwaters. However, the primary source of contamination for diarrhea is typically waterborne pathogens, which is addressed in choice C.
Choice C rationale:
Drinking water contaminated by sewage. Rationale: During natural disasters like hurricanes, sewage systems can become compromised, leading to the contamination of drinking water sources. This contamination poses a significant risk for diarrheal illnesses, as sewage often contains harmful pathogens. Therefore, the nurse should consider this as the most probable source of the client's exposure.
Choice D rationale:
Close living quarters at evacuation centers. Rationale: Close living quarters in evacuation centers can contribute to the spread of infectious diseases, including diarrheal illnesses. However, in this scenario, the client's chief complaint is diarrhea, and the nurse should prioritize investigating potential sources of waterborne contamination, as this aligns more closely with the client's symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Altered consciousness within the first 24 hours after injury is not indicative of a developing epidural hematoma. An epidural hematoma typically manifests as a lucid interval followed by a rapid deterioration in consciousness hours after the injury.
Choice B rationale:
Cushing reflex (increased blood pressure, bradycardia, and irregular respirations) and cerebral edema after 24 hours are characteristic signs of a developing epidural hematoma. This occurs due to the accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the skull, leading to increased intracranial pressure.
Choice C rationale:
Headache and pupillary changes 48 hours after head injury are not specific signs of an epidural hematoma. These symptoms may indicate various other neurological conditions or complications.
Choice D rationale:
Fever, nuchal rigidity, and opisthotonos within hours are suggestive of meningitis rather than an epidural hematoma. These symptoms are not typical of epidural hematomas, which primarily involve alterations in consciousness and increased intracranial pressure.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
While it’s important to monitor for any adverse reactions following a vaccination, not all fevers are serious. Mild fever can be a common side effect of vaccinations and is usually not a cause for concern. However, if the child develops a high fever, or if the fever is accompanied by other severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing or extreme lethargy, it should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.
Choice B rationale:
There is no need to keep the child home from daycare following the Hib vaccine unless the child is feeling unwell or has other symptoms that warrant staying home. The Hib vaccine is not a live vaccine, so the child cannot transmit the vaccine strain to others.
Choice C rationale:
Applying a cool pack to the injection site can help reduce discomfort or swelling that may occur after the vaccination. This is a safe and effective method for managing minor side effects of vaccinations.
Choice D rationale:
Aspirin should not be given to children due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious condition that can affect the liver and brain. Instead, over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to help manage any pain or fever following the vaccination, if approved by a healthcare provider. Always follow the dosing instructions on the package and consult with a healthcare provider if unsure.
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