A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nurses about hydrostatic pressure. Which of the following should the nurse include as a contributor to hydrostatic pressure?

Excretion of calcium by the kidneys

Osmotic pressure

Pressure exerted by contraction of the heart

Pressure applied by plasma proteins

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The excretion of calcium by the kidneys is related to electrolyte balance and bone health but does not directly contribute to hydrostatic pressure in the vasculature.
B. Osmotic pressure is the force exerted by solutes (such as plasma proteins) drawing water into the bloodstream, which opposes hydrostatic pressure. It does not directly contribute to hydrostatic pressure but rather counterbalances it.
C. Hydrostatic pressure is primarily generated by the force of the heart's contraction, which pushes blood through the arteries and capillaries. This pressure drives fluid out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, a crucial process in nutrient and waste exchange.
D. Pressure applied by plasma proteins contributes to oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure, not hydrostatic pressure. Oncotic pressure pulls fluid into the capillaries, opposing the outward force of hydrostatic pressure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Bronchospasm occurs when there is inflammation, edema, and excess mucus: Bronchospasm in asthma is characterized by inflammation of the airways, edema of the airway walls, and increased mucus production, leading to constriction and obstruction of the airways.

B. Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction: In asthma, bronchospasm is associated with increased mucus production, not decreased. Excess mucus contributes to airway obstruction.

C. Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter: Inflammation typically increases airway constriction rather than reducing it. The narrowed airway diameter is a result of inflammation, not a reduction in inflammation.

D. Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus: Airway obstruction in asthma is due to thick, tenacious mucus, not thinning mucus. The mucus contributes to the blockage of the airways.

A. The client is producing large amounts of clear, watery nasal discharge and experiencing postnasal drip. B. The client has a history of both tension and vascular headaches and takes prescription migraine medication as needed. C. The client has nasal congestion that does not significantly improve with over-the-counter decongestants or antihistamines. D. The client regularly uses saline-based nasal washes and a humidifier to clean and moisturize their sinuses.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The client is producing large amounts of clear, watery nasal discharge and experiencing postnasal drip: Clear, watery nasal discharge is more indicative of allergic rhinitis rather than sinusitis, which typically presents with thicker, purulent discharge.

B. The client has a history of both tension and vascular headaches and takes prescription migraine medication as needed: While headaches can accompany sinusitis, this option does not directly address symptoms specific to sinusitis, such as nasal congestion or facial pressure.

C. The client has nasal congestion that does not significantly improve with over-the-counter decongestants or antihistamines: Persistent nasal congestion despite the use of decongestants or antihistamines is a common symptom of sinusitis, indicating that the source of the problem may be inflammation or infection in the sinuses.

D.The client regularly uses saline-based nasal washes and a humidifier to clean and moisturize their sinuses: Regular use of these measures suggests the client is taking preventive care of their sinuses but does not necessarily indicate sinusitis.

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A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nurses about hydrostatic pressure. Which of the following should the nurse include as a contributor to hydrostatic pressure?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is providing care to a client who reports facial pain, including dental pain in the upper teeth. Which of the following additional symptoms would lead the nurse to suspect sinusitis as the source of the pain?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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