A charge nurse is preparing an educational session about addictive disorders for the nursing staff. Which of the following should the nurse include as etiological factors of addictive disorders? (Select all that apply).

Choice A rationale:

"His cousin committed suicide a few weeks ago." This statement is a significant red flag indicating a higher risk of suicide. When an adolescent is exposed to suicide, especially within their family or close social circle, they become more vulnerable due to the potential for social contagion. This scenario increases the urgency for intervention and support to prevent a similar outcome.

Choice B rationale:

"He spends much of his time with his two school friends." While changes in social behavior might raise concerns, this statement alone does not directly indicate a risk of suicide. Adolescents can experience shifts in their social preferences for various reasons, and it's not a definitive sign of suicidal ideation or intent.

Choice C rationale:

"He has slept 9 hours each night for the past 2 years." Sleeping patterns alone do not strongly correlate with suicide risk. However, drastic changes in sleep patterns, such as insomnia or hypersomnia, might be indicative of underlying mental health issues. In this case, the consistent sleep pattern mentioned does not directly signal a risk of suicide.

Choice D rationale:

"He is very religious and attends services twice a week." Religious involvement can have protective effects on mental health, and attending religious services can provide a support network. While religion might offer some resilience against suicide, it is not a definitive indicator. Other factors need to be considered in conjunction with religious activities. For , the statement indicating an adolescent's higher risk of suicide is "His cousin committed suicide a few weeks ago" (Choice A). This experience increases the risk due to the potential for social contagion. The other options, including spending time with school friends, sleep patterns, and religious involvement, do not directly suggest an imminent risk of suicide.

The correct answer is choice: B. Sibling position.

Choice A rationale:

Marital skew is not a concept associated with Bowen's family systems theory. It does not correspond to any recognized pattern in this theoretical approach.

Choice B rationale:

Sibling position is an important concept in Bowen's family systems theory. It refers to the birth order of siblings within a family and how this birth order can influence the roles and dynamics within the family unit.

Choice C rationale:

Pseudomutuality is not a concept of Bowen's family systems theory. This term does not align with the terminology or principles of this theoretical approach.

Choice D rationale:

Double-bind communication is a concept introduced by Gregory Bateson and is associated with the communication patterns within dysfunctional families. While it is related to family interactions, it is not specifically attributed to Bowen's theoretical approach.