A charge nurse at a long-term care facility ensures that the workload is distributed equally among staff when making assignments.
Which of the following ethical principles is the nurse upholding?

This instruction helps the client to establish a baseline of their bladder function and identify their voiding patterns. It also helps the nurse to design an individualized bladder-training program for the client.

Choice B is wrong because drinking 4 liters of fluid between 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. is excessive and can increase the frequency and urgency of urination. The client should drink enough fluids to prevent dehydration and constipation, but avoid drinking large amounts at one time or before bedtime.

Choice C is wrong because voiding every 2 hours while awake is not a bladder- training technique, but a scheduled toilet trip. Bladder training requires following a fixed voiding schedule and delaying urination after feeling the urge to go. Voiding every 2 hours may not allow the bladder to fill sufficiently and may interfere with the goal of increasing the bladder capacity.

Choice D is wrong because eliminating caffeine from the diet is not a specific instruction for bladder training, but a general lifestyle strategy to ease bladder problems. Caffeine can irritate the bladder and act as a diuretic, which can increase urine production and frequency.

However, eliminating caffeine alone may not be enough to improve urinary incontinence.

Moist heat can help reduce pain and stiffness in the joints by increasing blood flow and relaxing the muscles. Moist heat can be applied using warm compresses, heating pads, or warm baths.

Choice A is wrong because using a recliner when sitting for long periods can increase pressure on the knees and decrease circulation. A better option is to use a straight-backed chair with a footstool.

Choice C is wrong because sleeping on a soft mattress can cause poor alignment of the spine and joints, which can worsen pain and mobility. A firm mattress is recommended for clients with osteoarthritis.

Choice D is wrong because placing large pillows under the knees when lying in bed can limit the range of motion of the knees and cause contractures. A small pillow under the knees can provide some support and comfort, but it should not be too large or too high.