A 10-month-old infant has been confirmed with HIV. The nurse knows that:
The infant should be immediately placed on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
The infant should begin ART after turning 12 months old.
Once the infant has a clinical manifestation of AIDS, then ART should begin.
The mother must be mandatorily tested.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: This statement is correct, as ART is the standard treatment for HIV infection in infants and children, regardless of their age, clinical status, or CD4 count. ART can suppress the viral load, improve the immune function, prevent opportunistic infections, and prolong the survival and quality of life of the infant.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as delaying ART until the infant turns 12 months old can increase the risk of disease progression, mortality, and drug resistance. The nurse should explain to the parents that early initiation of ART is recommended for all infants with HIV, as they have a high viral load and a rapid decline of CD4 cells.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as waiting for the infant to have a clinical manifestation of AIDS before starting ART can be too late and ineffective. The nurse should inform the parents that AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe immunosuppression and life-threatening opportunistic infections. The nurse should emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of HIV to prevent the development of AIDS.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as the mother's HIV status is not mandatory to be tested, but voluntary and confidential. The nurse should respect the mother's right to privacy and autonomy, and offer her counseling and testing services if she agrees. The nurse should also educate the mother about the modes of transmission, prevention, and treatment of HIV.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not a good choice. Delaying dental visits until the child's heart defect is fully repaired is not a recommended practice. Dental hygiene is important for preventing oral infections that can spread to the bloodstream and cause infective endocarditis. The child should have regular dental check-ups and cleanings, as well as good oral care at home.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. Administration of antibiotics one hour prior to all dental procedures is a critical teaching point to emphasize for parents of a child with a complex congenital heart defect. Dental procedures can cause bleeding and bacteria to enter the bloodstream, which can infect the damaged or abnormal heart valves and cause infective endocarditis. Antibiotics can prevent or reduce the risk of this complication by killing the bacteria before they reach the heart.
Choice C reason: This is not a good choice. Administration of daily prophylactic antibiotics is not a necessary or effective measure for preventing infective endocarditis in a child with a complex congenital heart defect. Daily antibiotics can cause side effects, such as allergic reactions, diarrhea, or yeast infections. They can also lead to antibiotic resistance, which can make the bacteria harder to treat if they do cause an infection.
Choice D reason: This is not a good choice. High dose IV antibiotics for 2-8 weeks is not a preventive strategy for infective endocarditis, but a treatment option for an established infection. IV antibiotics are given to eradicate the bacteria from the bloodstream and the heart valves and prevent further damage or complications. However, IV antibiotics are not always effective and may have serious s
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect, as weight alone is not a reliable indicator of overweight or obesity in children and adolescents, as it does not account for the variations in growth, age, sex, and body composition. The nurse should use weight in conjunction with other measures, such as height, BMI, and growth charts, to assess the nutritional status and health risks of the child.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as height alone is not a reliable indicator of overweight or obesity in children and adolescents, as it does not account for the variations in growth, age, sex, and body composition. The nurse should use height in conjunction with other measures, such as weight, BMI, and growth charts, to assess the nutritional status and health risks of the child.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as body surface area (BSA) is not a recommended method of screening for overweight or obesity in children and adolescents, as it is not widely used or validated in this population. BSA is a measure of the total area of the skin, which can be calculated using various formulas based on weight and height. BSA is mainly used for dosing certain medications, such as chemotherapy, and for estimating the metabolic rate.
Choice D reason: This statement is correct, as body mass index (BMI) is the recommended method of screening for overweight or obesity in children and adolescents, as it is a simple and standardized measure of body fatness that can be used for comparison across different populations and age groups. BMI is calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the height in meters squared. The nurse should use the BMI-for-age percentile charts to interpret the BMI value and classify the child as underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or obese
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