You're providing discharge instructions to a patient who will be taking a loop diuretic at home. Which statement by the patient demonstrates they did NOT understand the teaching material and requires that you reinforce some of the teaching points?
"I will weigh myself daily and report to my physician if I gain more than 3 lbs in 1 day."
"This medication can cause dehydration, so I will stay hydrated by consuming at least 2 L or more of fluid per day."
"I will eat a diet rich in potatoes, bananas, avocadoes, strawberries, and spinach."
"I will change position slowly because I can become dizzy easily while taking this medication."
The Correct Answer is C
Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are known to promote diuresis (increased urine output) and can cause electrolyte imbalances, including low potassium (hypokalemia). The patient's statement about eating a diet rich in potassium-containing foods like potatoes, bananas, avocadoes, strawberries, and spinach is incorrect in this context. These foods are indeed good sources of potassium, but when taking loop diuretics, it is necessary to monitor and potentially restrict potassium intake to prevent excessive potassium levels.
"I will weigh myself daily and report to my physician if I gain more than 3 lbs in 1 day." This statement reflects the patient's understanding of the need to monitor their weight daily as a means of assessing fluid balance. Rapid weight gain may indicate fluid retention, which should be reported to the physician.
"This medication can cause dehydration, so I will stay hydrated by consuming at least 2 L or more of fluid per day." This statement demonstrates awareness of the potential for dehydration when taking loop diuretics and the importance of staying adequately hydrated by consuming an appropriate amount of fluids.
"I will change position slowly because I can become dizzy easily while taking this medication." This statement reflects the understanding that loop diuretics can cause orthostatic hypotension,
leading to dizziness upon sudden changes in position. Taking precautions and changing position slowly can help prevent falls and related injuries.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Each of your meals should contain about 10 tablespoons of food: After gastric bypass surgery, the stomach's size is reduced, and the patient's capacity to consume large quantities of food is limited. It is important to educate the patient about appropriate portion sizes to avoid overeating and potential complications.
Be certain to stay hydrated by drinking water: Hydration is crucial after gastric bypass surgery. Patients should be advised to drink enough water throughout the day to prevent dehydration and ensure proper bodily function.
Solid food can be introduced back into the diet in a week: Following gastric bypass surgery, the diet is initially limited to liquid and pureed foods. Gradually, solid foods can be reintroduced into the diet over time, typically after a week or as directed by the surgeon. This information is important for the patient to understand the progression of their diet post-surgery. You are likely to have little urine output for the first few weeks: This statement is not true and may cause unnecessary concern for the patient. Urine output should not be affected by gastric bypass surgery unless there are other complications.
Report any back, shoulder, or abdominal pain to the surgeon: While it is important to report any significant pain or discomfort to the surgeon, including back, shoulder, or abdominal pain, this is not specific to discharge teaching for gastric bypass surgery. Pain management and reporting should be covered during the post-operative care instructions, but it is not limited to discharge teaching alone.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Antihistamines primarily work by blocking the H1 receptors, which are the receptors responsible for mediating the actions of histamine in the body. By blocking these receptors, antihistamines prevent or reduce the effects of histamine, such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. This is the main mechanism by which antihistamines provide their therapeutic effects. "Antihistamines block release of histamine from mast cells and basophils." This statement is incorrect. Antihistamines do not block the release of histamine; instead, they block the histamine receptors to prevent the effects of histamine.
"H1 antagonists can bind to H1 receptors, H2 receptors, and muscarinic receptors." This statement is incorrect. H1 antagonists, or H1 receptor blockers, specifically bind to H1 receptors and do not have significant affinity for H2 receptors or muscarinic receptors. "First-generation antihistamines are more selective than second-generation antihistamines." This statement is incorrect. First-generation antihistamines are generally less selective and can have more sedating and anticholinergic effects compared to second-generation antihistamines, which are designed to be more selective for H1 receptors and have reduced sedative properties.
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