While talking with a pregnant woman who has undergone genetic testing, the woman informs the nurse that her baby will be born with Down syndrome. The nurse understands that Down syndrome is an example of:

Trisomy numeric abnormality

Multifactorial inheritance

X-linked recessive inheritance

Chromosomal deletion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason: Trisomy numeric abnormality. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. This extra chromosome causes various physical and mental features that vary from person to person. Down syndrome is also called trisomy 21 because it involves three copies of chromosome 21.

Choice B Reason: Multifactorial inheritance is incorrect because it refers to a type of genetic disorder that results from the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Examples of multifactorial disorders include cleft lip or palate, neural tube defects, diabetes, hypertension, and some types of cancer.

Choice C Reason: X-linked recessive inheritance is incorrect because it refers to a type of genetic disorder that affects males more than females because it is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, so they can be carriers or affected depending on whether they inherit one or two copies of the mutated gene. Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, so they are always affected if they inherit the mutated gene from their mother. Examples of X-linked recessive disorders include hemophilia, color blindness, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Choice D Reason: Chromosomal deletion is incorrect because it refers to a type of genetic disorder that occurs when a part of a chromosome is missing or deleted. This can cause various physical and mental problems depending on the size and location of the deletion. Examples of chromosomal deletion

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because marijuana is a psychoactive substance that affects the central nervous system and can cause euphoria, relaxation, altered perception, and impaired memory. It does not cause tachycardia, hypertension, or vasoconstriction in pregnant women or their fetuses.

Choice B Reason: This is correct because cocaine is a stimulant substance that affects the cardiovascular system and can cause tachycardia, hypertension, vasoconstriction, arrhythmias, and ischemia in pregnant women or their fetuses. It can also increase the risk of placental abruption, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal death.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because nicotine is a stimulant substance that affects the respiratory system and can cause bronchodilation, increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure in pregnant women or their fetuses. However, it does not cause vasoconstriction, but rather vasodilation.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because caffeine is a stimulant substance that affects the central nervous system and can cause alertness, insomnia, anxiety, and increased urine output in pregnant women or their fetuses. It does not cause tachycardia, hypertension, or vasoconstriction in moderate doses.

Choice E Reason: This is incorrect because heroin is an opioid substance that affects the central nervous system and can cause euphoria, sedation, analgesia, and respiratory depression in pregnant women or their fetuses. It does not cause tachycardia, hypertension, or vasoconstriction.

A. It is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes. B. It is primarily transmitted through accidental puncture wounds. C. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. D. It is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because mosquitoes do not transmit HIV. HIV is a virus that infects human cells and cannot survive in insects. Mosquitoes do not inject blood from one person to another when they bite, but only saliva that contains anticoagulants and enzymes.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because accidental puncture wounds are not a common mode of HIV transmission. HIV can be transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids, such as through needle sharing, blood transfusion, or occupational injury. However, these cases are rare and can be prevented by using sterile equipment, screening blood products, and following universal precautions.

Choice C Reason: This is correct because sexual contact is the most common mode of HIV transmission. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person, as these activities can involve contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or pre-ejaculate.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because respiratory droplets do not transmit HIV. HIV is not an airborne virus and cannot be spread by coughing, sneezing, or breathing. HIV cannot be transmitted by casual contact, such as hugging, kissing, or sharing utensils.

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While talking with a pregnant woman who has undergone genetic testing, the woman informs the nurse that her baby will be born with Down syndrome. The nurse understands that Down syndrome is an example of:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Assessment of a pregnant woman and her fetus reveals tachycardia and hypertension. There is also evidence suggesting vasoconstriction. The nurse would question the woman about use of which substance?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is planning a presentation about HIV for a church-based group. Which of the following information about HIV transmission should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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