While talking with a pregnant woman who has undergone genetic testing, the woman informs the nurse that her baby will be born with Down syndrome. The nurse understands that Down syndrome is an example of:
Trisomy numeric abnormality
Multifactorial inheritance
X-linked recessive inheritance
Chromosomal deletion
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A Reason: Trisomy numeric abnormality. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. This extra chromosome causes various physical and mental features that vary from person to person. Down syndrome is also called trisomy 21 because it involves three copies of chromosome 21.
Choice B Reason: Multifactorial inheritance is incorrect because it refers to a type of genetic disorder that results from the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Examples of multifactorial disorders include cleft lip or palate, neural tube defects, diabetes, hypertension, and some types of cancer.
Choice C Reason: X-linked recessive inheritance is incorrect because it refers to a type of genetic disorder that affects males more than females because it is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, so they can be carriers or affected depending on whether they inherit one or two copies of the mutated gene. Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, so they are always affected if they inherit the mutated gene from their mother. Examples of X-linked recessive disorders include hemophilia, color blindness, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Choice D Reason: Chromosomal deletion is incorrect because it refers to a type of genetic disorder that occurs when a part of a chromosome is missing or deleted. This can cause various physical and mental problems depending on the size and location of the deletion. Examples of chromosomal deletion
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because ultrasound visualization of the fetus is a positive sign of pregnancy, not a probable sign. A positive sign of pregnancy is a direct and definitive evidence of the presence of a fetus, such as fetal movement felt by the examiner or fetal heart sounds heard by a Doppler device.
Choice B Reason: This is correct because softening of the cervix, also known as Goodell's sign, is a probable sign of pregnancy. A probable sign of pregnancy is a strong indication of pregnancy based on physical changes in the reproductive organs, such as enlargement of the uterus or changes in the shape and consistency of the cervix.
Choice C Reason: This is correct because a positive pregnancy test, which detects human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine or blood, is a probable sign of pregnancy. However, it is not a conclusive sign, as hCG can also be produced by other conditions such as ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, or trophoblastic tumors.
Choice D Reason: This is correct because absence of menstruation, also known as amenorrhea, is a probable sign of pregnancy. It occurs when ovulation and menstruation cease due to hormonal changes during pregnancy. However, it is not a definitive sign, as amenorrhea can also be caused by other factors such as stress, illness, or hormonal imbalances.
Choice E Reason: This is correct because ballottement, which is a rebounding of the fetus against the examiner's fingers during a pelvic examination, is a probable sign of pregnancy. It can be felt around 16 to 20 weeks of gestation.
Choice F Reason: This is incorrect because auscultation of a fetal heart beat, which can be heard by a fetoscope around 18 to 20 weeks of gestation or by a Doppler device around 10 to 12 weeks of gestation, is a positive sign of pregnancy, not a probable sign.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A: Absence of pain is not a sign of abruptio placenta. Abruptio placenta is a condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, causing bleeding and pain. The pain is usually severe and constant.
Choice B: Insidious onset is not a sign of abruptio placenta. Abruptio placenta is usually a sudden and acute event that occurs in the third trimester or during labor.
Choice C: Dark red vaginal bleeding is a sign of abruptio placenta. The bleeding is caused by the rupture of blood vessels between the placenta and the uterus. The blood may be dark red because it is old or clotted.
Choice D: Rigid uterus is a sign of abruptio placenta. The uterus becomes hard and tense as a result of the bleeding and contraction of the uterine muscles. This can impair the blood flow to the fetus and cause fetal distress.
Choice E: Absent fetal heart tones is a sign of abruptio placenta. The loss of blood and oxygen to the fetus can cause fetal death or stillbirth. Fetal heart tones can be detected by using a Doppler device or a fetoscope.
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