While talking with a pregnant woman who has undergone genetic testing, the woman informs the nurse that her baby will be born with Down syndrome. The nurse understands that Down syndrome is an example of:
Trisomy numeric abnormality
Multifactorial inheritance
X-linked recessive inheritance
Chromosomal deletion
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A Reason: Trisomy numeric abnormality. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. This extra chromosome causes various physical and mental features that vary from person to person. Down syndrome is also called trisomy 21 because it involves three copies of chromosome 21.
Choice B Reason: Multifactorial inheritance is incorrect because it refers to a type of genetic disorder that results from the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Examples of multifactorial disorders include cleft lip or palate, neural tube defects, diabetes, hypertension, and some types of cancer.
Choice C Reason: X-linked recessive inheritance is incorrect because it refers to a type of genetic disorder that affects males more than females because it is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, so they can be carriers or affected depending on whether they inherit one or two copies of the mutated gene. Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, so they are always affected if they inherit the mutated gene from their mother. Examples of X-linked recessive disorders include hemophilia, color blindness, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Choice D Reason: Chromosomal deletion is incorrect because it refers to a type of genetic disorder that occurs when a part of a chromosome is missing or deleted. This can cause various physical and mental problems depending on the size and location of the deletion. Examples of chromosomal deletion
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: A clear liquid diet is not appropriate for a client with hyperemesis gravidarum, which is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and weight loss. A clear liquid diet does not provide adequate calories, protein, vitamins, or minerals for the client and the fetus.
Choice B: Administration of diethylstilbestrol is not indicated for a client with hyperemesis gravidarum. Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic estrogen that was used in the past to prevent miscarriage and premature birth, but it was found to cause serious adverse effects such as vaginal cancer, infertility, and birth defects in the offspring.
Choice C: Total parenteral nutrition is the correct choice because it provides a complete and balanced source of nutrients through a central venous catheter. It is used for clients who cannot tolerate oral or enteral feeding due to severe gastrointestinal disorders such as hyperemesis gravidarum. It helps to prevent malnutrition, dehydration, and ketosis in the client and the fetus.
Choice D: Nothing by mouth is not a suitable option for a client with hyperemesis gravidarum. It can worsen the condition by causing starvation, acidosis, and ketosis. It can also increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia if the client vomits.
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E","F"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason: Homelessness is a risk factor for high-risk pregnancy because it exposes the woman to various challenges and stressors that can affect her health and well-being. Homeless women may face difficulties in accessing adequate nutrition, hygiene, safety, shelter, transportation, and health care. They may also experience higher levels of violence, substance abuse, mental illness, and social isolation. These factors can increase the risk of infections, complications, preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant mortality.
Choice B Reason: Age is not a risk factor for high-risk pregnancy in this case because the woman is 22 years old, which is within the optimal age range for childbearing. The optimal age range is considered to be between 20 and 35 years old, as women in this age group tend to have fewer complications and better outcomes than women who are younger or older. Women who are younger than 20 or older than 35 are considered to have advanced maternal age or adolescent pregnancy, respectively, which are risk factors for high-risk pregnancy.
Choice C Reason: BP 110/70 is not a risk factor for high-risk pregnancy because it is within the normal range for blood pressure. The normal range for blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 and 120/80 mmHg. Blood pressure that is too high or too low can indicate problems such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, or hypotension, which are risk factors for high-risk pregnancy.
Choice D Reason: BMI 17.5 is a risk factor for high-risk pregnancy because it indicates that the woman is underweight. BMI stands for body mass index, which is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. The normal range for BMI is considered to be between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2. BMI that is too low or too high can indicate problems such as malnutrition, obesity, or gestational diabetes, which are risk factors for high-risk pregnancy.
Choice E Reason: Prenatal care is a risk factor for high-risk pregnancy because it indicates that the woman has not received adequate medical attention and support during her pregnancy. Prenatal care is essential for ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Prenatal care involves regular visits to a health care provider who can monitor the progress of the pregnancy, screen for any complications or infections, provide education and counseling, and prescribe any necessary medications or interventions. Lack of prenatal care can increase the risk of maternal mortality, morbidity, preterm birth, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, and infant mortality.
Choice F Reason: Prenatal history is a risk factor for high-risk pregnancy because it indicates that the woman has had previous pregnancies that ended in miscarriage or stillbirth. Prenatal history can provide important information about the woman's reproductive health and potential complications that may recur or affect her current pregnancy. Previous pregnancy losses can indicate problems such as genetic abnormalities, chromosomal disorders, infections, immunological factors, hormonal imbalances, uterine abnormalities, or placental issues. These factors can increase the risk of spontaneous abortion, fetal demise, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or placenta previa.
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