Which type of fracture occurs when the bone breaks straight across its long axis?

Nonunion occurs when the fractured bone fails to heal and fuse together despite appropriate treatment. It is associated with persistent pain and limited function.

b. Malunion: Malunion refers to a fracture that heals in an incorrect position or alignment, but it may or may not cause persistent pain and limited function.
c. Delayed union: Delayed union refers to a fracture that takes longer than usual to heal but eventually heals properly. It is not specifically associated with persistent pain and limited function.
d. Osteomyelitis: Osteomyelitis is a bone infection that can develop as a complication of fractures, but it may or may not cause persistent pain and limited function, depending on its severity and treatment response.

It is essential for the patient to avoid moving the cast to relieve itching as this can lead to skin breakdown, discomfort, and improper healing. The nurse should instruct the patient to use cool air or apply ice packs on the outside of the cast to alleviate itching without disturbing the cast's positioning.

b. Using a hairdryer on a warm setting to dry the inside of the cast is not recommended. The heat can cause discomfort and may not effectively dry the interior of the cast, leading to skin irritation and potential infection.
c. Sticking objects under the cast to scratch the skin can damage the skin and introduce bacteria, increasing the risk of infection. The patient should be instructed not to insert any objects under the cast.
d. Removing the cast if it becomes loose is not within the patient's scope of practice. If the cast becomes loose or uncomfortable, the patient should seek immediate medical attention for evaluation and adjustment by a healthcare professional.