Which type of croup is always considered a medical emergency?
Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB).
Spasmodic croup.
Laryngitis.
Epiglottitis.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is choice D. Epiglottitis.
Choice A rationale:
Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is a viral infection commonly known as "croup." While it can cause airway inflammation and respiratory distress, it is usually not considered a medical emergency. LTB is characterized by barking cough, stridor, and hoarseness. It typically responds well to supportive care, humidity, and sometimes oral corticosteroids.
Choice B rationale:
Spasmodic croup is another type of viral croup, often triggered by allergies or irritants. It is characterized by sudden onset of symptoms, usually at night, including stridor and a barking cough. While it can be distressing, it is generally not considered a medical emergency. It usually responds to humidity and sometimes oral corticosteroids.
Choice C rationale:
Laryngitis involves inflammation of the larynx and is often caused by viral infections or excessive voice use. While it can lead to hoarseness and voice changes, it does not typically cause severe respiratory distress and is not considered a medical emergency. Resting the voice and staying hydrated are common interventions.
Choice D rationale:
Epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening condition that causes inflammation of the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing. It can rapidly progress to airway obstruction and respiratory failure. Children with epiglottitis often assume a "tripod" position, leaning forward to maintain an open airway. Immediate medical intervention, including securing the airway and administering antibiotics, is crucial.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is choice B. Epinephrine.
Choice A rationale:
Diphenhydramine. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine commonly used to relieve allergic symptoms such as itching, rash, and runny nose. While it can be part of the treatment for anaphylactic reactions, it is not the medication of choice for immediate administration in the case of a severe anaphylactic reaction like the one described in the scenario.
Choice B rationale:
Epinephrine. Correct Answer. In cases of severe anaphylactic reactions, epinephrine (adrenaline) is the medication of choice for immediate administration. Epinephrine acts rapidly to reverse life-threatening symptoms, such as airway constriction, low blood pressure, and hives. It works by dilating airways, increasing heart rate, and improving blood pressure.
Choice C rationale:
Dopamine. Dopamine is a medication used to increase blood pressure and cardiac output in certain critical situations. However, it is not the first-line treatment for anaphylactic reactions. Epinephrine's effects on airway and cardiovascular function make it the preferred choice in this context.
Choice D rationale:
Calcium chloride. Calcium chloride is not the appropriate medication for treating anaphylactic reactions. Its main medical uses include treating hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and certain cardiac arrhythmias. It does not address the primary symptoms and physiological changes associated with anaphylaxis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is choice D. Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration.
Choice A rationale:
Having the child wear heavy clothing to prevent chilling is not an appropriate nursing intervention for an infant with an elevated temperature. Infants are more susceptible to temperature regulation issues, and heavy clothing could exacerbate their discomfort and potentially raise their body temperature further.
Choice B rationale:
Giving tepid water baths to reduce fever is not recommended for fever management in infants. Tepid baths might cause discomfort and shivering, which could lead to increased heat production and potential elevation of body temperature.
Choice C rationale:
Encouraging food intake to maintain caloric needs is important, but it might not be well-tolerated by an infant with an elevated temperature and upper respiratory tract infection. Infants often have reduced appetite during illness.
Choice D rationale:
Giving small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration is an appropriate nursing intervention. Fever and elevated temperature can lead to increased fluid loss through sweating and increased respiratory rate. Offering small, frequent fluid intake helps maintain hydration and prevent dehydration. Using favorite fluids can also encourage the child to drink more.
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