Which type of croup is always considered a medical emergency?
Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB).
Spasmodic croup.
Laryngitis.
Epiglottitis.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is choice D. Epiglottitis.
Choice A rationale:
Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is a viral infection commonly known as "croup." While it can cause airway inflammation and respiratory distress, it is usually not considered a medical emergency. LTB is characterized by barking cough, stridor, and hoarseness. It typically responds well to supportive care, humidity, and sometimes oral corticosteroids.
Choice B rationale:
Spasmodic croup is another type of viral croup, often triggered by allergies or irritants. It is characterized by sudden onset of symptoms, usually at night, including stridor and a barking cough. While it can be distressing, it is generally not considered a medical emergency. It usually responds to humidity and sometimes oral corticosteroids.
Choice C rationale:
Laryngitis involves inflammation of the larynx and is often caused by viral infections or excessive voice use. While it can lead to hoarseness and voice changes, it does not typically cause severe respiratory distress and is not considered a medical emergency. Resting the voice and staying hydrated are common interventions.
Choice D rationale:
Epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening condition that causes inflammation of the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing. It can rapidly progress to airway obstruction and respiratory failure. Children with epiglottitis often assume a "tripod" position, leaning forward to maintain an open airway. Immediate medical intervention, including securing the airway and administering antibiotics, is crucial.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A: Avoiding use for more than 3 days.
Choice A rationale:
Recommending avoiding the use of decongestant nose drops for more than 3 days is crucial due to the risk of rebound congestion. Decongestant nose drops work by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages to alleviate congestion. Prolonged use can lead to a phenomenon known as rebound congestion, where the nasal passages become more congested once the medication wears off, causing the person to use the drops more frequently. This can result in a cycle of worsening congestion and overuse of the medication, which can be counterproductive and harmful. Limiting the use of decongestant nose drops to 3 days helps prevent this rebound effect and encourages the use of alternative treatments if congestion persists.
Choice B rationale:
Administering drops until nasal congestion subsides is not the recommended approach. Prolonged use of decongestant nose drops can lead to rebound congestion, as mentioned earlier. Using the drops until congestion subsides might extend their use beyond the safe period and increase the risk of adverse effects.
Choice C rationale:
Keeping drops to use again for nasal congestion is not advised. While it's important to follow the medication's storage instructions, relying on decongestant nose drops for recurring nasal congestion can lead to overuse and rebound congestion. This choice does not address the potential risks associated with prolonged use.
Choice D rationale:
Administering drops after feedings and at bedtime is not a standard recommendation for decongestant nose drops. The timing of administration is not a primary concern in the context of decongestant use. Instead, the focus should be on the duration of use and the potential for rebound congestion.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Hypoparathyroidism is not associated with exophthalmos. Hypoparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce insufficient parathyroid hormone, leading to low calcium levels in the blood. This condition doesn't directly affect the thyroid gland or cause exophthalmos.
Choice B rationale:
Exophthalmos, also known as protruding or bulging eyes, is a classic symptom of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. These elevated hormone levels can lead to a variety of symptoms, including increased metabolism, weight loss, nervousness, and protruding eyes due to inflammation of the eye muscles and tissues behind the eye.
Choice C rationale:
Hyperparathyroidism involves the overactivity of the parathyroid glands, leading to excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and elevated calcium levels in the blood. While elevated calcium levels can have various effects on the body, exophthalmos is not a typical manifestation of hyperparathyroidism. The condition is more commonly associated with bone and kidney issues.
Choice D rationale:
Hypothyroidism, the underproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, is not linked to exophthalmos. Instead, hypothyroidism is known for causing symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and slow heart rate. Exophthalmos is a characteristic sign of hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism.
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