Which two hormones are released by the adrenal medulla during a fight or flight response?
Insulin and glucagon
Dehydroepiandrosterone and estradiol
Ghrelin and kisspeptin
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
The Correct Answer is D
a. Insulin and glucagon: These hormones are produced by the pancreas and regulate blood glucose levels, not involved in the fight or flight response.
b. Dehydroepiandrosterone and estradiol: These are adrenal and gonadal hormones involved in sexual function and other roles, but not in the immediate stress response.
c. Ghrelin and kisspeptin: Ghrelin is involved in hunger signaling, and kisspeptin in reproductive hormone signaling, neither are involved in the stress response.
d. Epinephrine and norepinephrine: These are the primary hormones released by the adrenal medulla in response to stress, preparing the body for a fight or flight response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
a. Secretes fluid to reduce friction between layers: This is correct. The pleural membranes secrete pleural fluid, which reduces friction between the visceral and parietal layers during breathing.
b. Secretes a substance that reduces surface tension of alveoli: This describes the function of surfactant, which is secreted by alveolar cells, not pleural membranes.
c. Secretes a substance to keep epithelial cells wet: This is a general description that doesn't specifically apply to pleural membranes.
d. Secretes fluid involved in protection from infections: While pleural fluid may have some protective roles, its primary function is to reduce friction, not directly to protect from infections.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
a. Decrease in hydrogen ions: A decrease in hydrogen ions (H+) would indicate a condition of alkalosis, not acidosis.
b. Decrease in carbon dioxide: A decrease in carbon dioxide (CO2) usually leads to respiratory alkalosis because CO2 is acidic in nature.
c. Decrease in ketones: Ketones are acidic compounds, and their decrease is not associated with acidosis. In fact, an increase in ketones can cause ketoacidosis.
d. Decrease in bicarbonate ions: Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a base, and a decrease in its concentration can lead to metabolic acidosis, as it reduces the buffering capacity of the blood against excess H+.
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