Which should the nurse include when instructing a client on the prevention of osteoporosis?
Include an average daily intake of 300 mg of calcium
Walk 20-30 minutes three days a week
Engage in isometric exercise 20-30 minutes weekly
Include adequate intake of vitamin E
None of the above
The Correct Answer is E
Choice A reason: Including an average daily intake of 300 mg of calcium is not a sufficient measure to prevent osteoporosis, as it is below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for calcium, which is 1000 mg for adults aged 19-50 years, and 1200 mg for adults aged 51 years and older. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone health, as it helps to build and maintain the bone density and strength.
Choice B reason: Walking 20-30 minutes three days a week is not an optimal measure to prevent osteoporosis, as it is below the recommended physical activity guidelines, which suggest at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, and at least two sessions of muscle-strengthening activities per week. Physical activity is beneficial for bone health, as it stimulates the bone formation and reduces the bone loss.
Choice C reason: Engaging in isometric exercise 20-30 minutes weekly is not an effective measure to prevent osteoporosis, as it is not the best type of exercise for bone health, and it is not performed frequently enough. Isometric exercise is a form of exercise that involves contracting the muscles without moving the joints, such as holding a plank or a wall sit. Isometric exercise does not provide enough mechanical stress or load to the bones, which is needed to stimulate the bone remodeling and growth.
Choice D reason: Including adequate intake of vitamin E is not a relevant measure to prevent osteoporosis, as it is not a major nutrient for bone health, and it has no direct effect on the bone metabolism. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps to protect the cells from oxidative stress and inflammation, which may have some indirect benefits for the bone health, but it is not a key factor. Vitamin E is also not a common deficiency, and it can be obtained from various foods, such as vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Heat rash is not an early sign of a fat embolus, as it is a skin condition that occurs when the sweat ducts are blocked and the sweat cannot evaporate. Heat rash is more common in hot and humid environments, and it causes red, itchy, or prickly bumps on the skin. Heat rash is not related to a fat embolus, which is a serious complication of a fracture that involves the release of fat droplets into the bloodstream.
Choice B reason: Tachypnea is an early sign of a fat embolus, as it indicates a respiratory distress that may be caused by the fat droplets blocking the pulmonary capillaries. Tachypnea is a rapid breathing rate that exceeds 20 breaths per minute, and it may be accompanied by dyspnea, chest pain, cough, or hemoptysis. Tachypnea is a sign of hypoxemia, which is a low level of oxygen in the blood, and it requires immediate intervention.
Choice C reason: Bradycardia is not an early sign of a fat embolus, as it is a slow heart rate that is below 60 beats per minute. Bradycardia may be caused by various factors, such as medication, heart disease, hypothyroidism, or vagal stimulation. Bradycardia is not related to a fat embolus, which is a serious complication of a fracture that involves the release of fat droplets into the bloodstream.
Choice D reason: Abdominal cramping is not an early sign of a fat embolus, as it is a pain or discomfort in the abdomen that may be caused by various factors, such as food intolerance, infection, inflammation, or obstruction. Abdominal cramping is not related to a fat embolus, which is a serious complication of a fracture that involves the release of fat droplets into the bloodstream.
Choice E reason: Confusion is not an early sign of a fat embolus, but a late sign that may indicate a cerebral involvement of the fat embolus. Confusion is a state of impaired awareness, orientation, or memory that may be caused by various factors, such as medication, infection, trauma, or hypoxia. Confusion is a sign of cerebral hypoxia, which is a low level of oxygen in the brain, and it requires immediate intervention.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
Choice A reason: Atopic dermatitis is not a likely explanation for the assessment findings, as it is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes itching, scaling, and dryness of the skin, usually on the face, neck, and flexural areas.
Choice B reason: Cellulitis is a possible explanation for the assessment findings, as it is a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues that causes warmth, redness, swelling, and pain of the affected area. However, it is not the most likely explanation, as it usually occurs as a result of a break in the skin, such as a wound, insect bite, or ulcer, which is not mentioned in the scenario.
Choice C reason: Seborrheic keratosis is not a relevant explanation for the assessment findings, as it is a benign skin growth that causes brown, black, or tan lesions that have a waxy or scaly appearance, usually on the face, chest, or back.
Choice D reason: Pemphigus is not a plausible explanation for the assessment findings, as it is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes blisters and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes, usually on the trunk, scalp, or mouth.
Choice E reason: Lymphedema is the most likely explanation for the assessment findings, as it is a condition that causes swelling of the arm due to impaired lymphatic drainage after mastectomy surgery. It can also cause warmth, redness, and tenderness of the affected limb.
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