The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which client is most at risk for developing osteoporosis?

Males with a cardiac history between the ages of 30 and 40 years old

Females with a history of diabetes and are between the ages of 20 and 30 years old

Males who have had a previous fracture

Females who have a history of estrogen deficiency and are post-menopausal

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Males with a cardiac history between the ages of 30 and 40 years old are not the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have several protective factors, such as their gender, age, and hormone levels. Males have higher peak bone mass and lower bone loss rate than females, and they do not experience the rapid decline of estrogen that occurs after menopause. Cardiac history may affect the bone health indirectly, by limiting the physical activity or affecting the calcium absorption, but it is not a major risk factor.

Choice B reason: Females with a history of diabetes and are between the ages of 20 and 30 years old are not the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have some protective factors, such as their age and hormone levels. Females in their reproductive years have higher estrogen levels than post-menopausal females, which helps to preserve the bone density and prevent the bone resorption. Diabetes may increase the risk of osteoporosis, by affecting the insulin, glucose, and inflammatory pathways, but it is not a definitive risk factor.

Choice C reason: Males who have had a previous fracture are not the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have some protective factors, such as their gender and hormone levels. Males have higher peak bone mass and lower bone loss rate than females, and they do not experience the rapid decline of estrogen that occurs after menopause. A previous fracture may indicate a low bone density or a high fall risk, but it is not a conclusive risk factor.

Choice D reason: Females who have a history of estrogen deficiency and are post-menopausal are the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have several risk factors, such as their gender, age, and hormone levels. Females have lower peak bone mass and higher bone loss rate than males, and they experience a significant drop of estrogen after menopause, which leads to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Estrogen deficiency may also cause other symptoms, such as hot flashes, mood swings, or vaginal dryness, which may affect the quality of life and the bone health.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Rosacea is not a parasitic skin infestation, but a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes redness, flushing, and bumps on the face.

Choice B reason: Pediculosis corporis is a parasitic skin infestation caused by body lice, but it is not the only one. The question asks for what the student should include in the presentation, not what is the most common or severe type of parasitic skin infestation.

Choice C reason: Sarcoptes scabiei is a parasitic skin infestation caused by scabies mites, which burrow into the skin and cause intense itching, rash, and secondary infections. This is a correct choice to include in the presentation, as scabies is a common and contagious condition that affects people of all ages and backgrounds.

Choice D reason: Furuncles are not a parasitic skin infestation, but a bacterial infection of the hair follicles that causes painful, pus-filled boils on the skin.

Choice E reason: Impetigo is not a parasitic skin infestation, but a bacterial infection of the skin that causes red, oozing, and crusted sores.

A. Heat rash B. Tachypnea C. Bradycardia D. Abdominal cramping E. Confusion

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Heat rash is not an early sign of a fat embolus, as it is a skin condition that occurs when the sweat ducts are blocked and the sweat cannot evaporate. Heat rash is more common in hot and humid environments, and it causes red, itchy, or prickly bumps on the skin. Heat rash is not related to a fat embolus, which is a serious complication of a fracture that involves the release of fat droplets into the bloodstream.

Choice B reason: Tachypnea is an early sign of a fat embolus, as it indicates a respiratory distress that may be caused by the fat droplets blocking the pulmonary capillaries. Tachypnea is a rapid breathing rate that exceeds 20 breaths per minute, and it may be accompanied by dyspnea, chest pain, cough, or hemoptysis. Tachypnea is a sign of hypoxemia, which is a low level of oxygen in the blood, and it requires immediate intervention.

Choice C reason: Bradycardia is not an early sign of a fat embolus, as it is a slow heart rate that is below 60 beats per minute. Bradycardia may be caused by various factors, such as medication, heart disease, hypothyroidism, or vagal stimulation. Bradycardia is not related to a fat embolus, which is a serious complication of a fracture that involves the release of fat droplets into the bloodstream.

Choice D reason: Abdominal cramping is not an early sign of a fat embolus, as it is a pain or discomfort in the abdomen that may be caused by various factors, such as food intolerance, infection, inflammation, or obstruction. Abdominal cramping is not related to a fat embolus, which is a serious complication of a fracture that involves the release of fat droplets into the bloodstream.

Choice E reason: Confusion is not an early sign of a fat embolus, but a late sign that may indicate a cerebral involvement of the fat embolus. Confusion is a state of impaired awareness, orientation, or memory that may be caused by various factors, such as medication, infection, trauma, or hypoxia. Confusion is a sign of cerebral hypoxia, which is a low level of oxygen in the brain, and it requires immediate intervention.

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The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which client is most at risk for developing osteoporosis?

Nursing Test Bank

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The student nurse is preparing a presentation on parasitic skin infestations. What should the student include in the presentation?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

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