Which serum electrolyte value alerts the nurse to the possibility of hyperaldosteronism?
Serum sodium, 150 mmol/L; serum potassium, 2.5 mmol/L
Serum sodium, 140 mmol/L; serum potassium, 5.0 mmol/L
Serum sodium, 130 mmol/L; serum potassium, 7.5 mmol/L
Serum sodium, 130 mmol/L; serum potassium, 2.5 mmol/L
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hyperaldosteronism causes sodium retention and potassium excretion, leading to elevated serum sodium levels and low potassium levels. A serum potassium level of 2.5 mmol/L is indicative of hypokalemia, which is a classic finding in hyperaldosteronism.
B. This serum electrolyte pattern (normal sodium and potassium) is not suggestive of hyperaldosteronism.
C. In hyperaldosteronism, the serum sodium is typically elevated, but the potassium level is very low, not elevated as seen in this option.
D. While low potassium is indicative of hyperaldosteronism, the sodium level is abnormally low in this case, which is not typical for this condition. Hyperaldosteronism typically presents with elevated sodium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Purple striations: This is correct. One of the characteristic manifestations of Cushing's syndrome is the development of purple or reddish stretch marks (striae) on the skin, which are caused by the weakening of the skin due to excessive cortisol.
B. Tremors: This is not typically a manifestation of Cushing's syndrome. Tremors are more commonly seen in conditions such as hyperthyroidism or neurological disorders, not in Cushing's syndrome.
C. Hypertension: This is correct. Elevated cortisol levels in Cushing's syndrome can lead to fluid retention, sodium retention, and increased blood pressure, resulting in hypertension.
D. Buffalo hump: This is correct. A buffalo hump, or a fatty accumulation on the upper back and neck, is a common feature of Cushing's syndrome. It is caused by the redistribution of fat due to elevated cortisol levels.
E. Moon face: This is correct. "Moon face" refers to the round, puffy face that is a hallmark sign of Cushing's syndrome. The face becomes swollen due to fat accumulation, a result of high cortisol levels.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Discharge immediately following an open lung biopsy is unlikely. The patient will need observation post-procedure for complications such as bleeding, infection, or pneumothorax, and it usually requires a stay in the hospital for monitoring.
B. It is unlikely that supplemental oxygen will not be needed following an open lung biopsy. The patient may require oxygen post-procedure due to potential respiratory compromise, such as atelectasis or pneumothorax.
C. A chest tube is commonly inserted after an open lung biopsy to allow the lung to re-expand and to drain air or fluid that may accumulate in the pleural space. This is a standard part of the postoperative care for this procedure.
D. Collecting a sputum specimen is not typically necessary immediately after an open lung biopsy. The focus will be on monitoring the patient’s respiratory status, ensuring proper lung expansion, and preventing complications like pneumothorax or bleeding.
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