Which organ plays a central role in regulating blood glucose levels by secreting insulin and glucagon?

Liver.

Kidneys.

Lungs.

Spleen.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The liver plays a central role in blood glucose regulation by releasing glucose into the bloodstream through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis when blood glucose levels are low. It also stores glucose as glycogen and responds to insulin and glucagon signals.

Incorrect choices:

b. This choice is incorrect. While the kidneys play a role in filtering blood and excreting waste products, they are not primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels.

c. This choice is incorrect. The lungs are involved in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and are not directly involved in blood glucose regulation.

d. This choice is incorrect. The spleen is involved in immune function and blood filtration, but it does not play a central role in blood glucose regulation.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

MODY is a rare form of diabetes caused by genetic mutations affecting beta cell function. It is not primarily related to insulin deficiency or resistance.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Type 1 diabetes mellitus involves autoimmune destruction of beta cells and insulin deficiency.

b. This choice is incorrect. Type 2 diabetes mellitus involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

d. This choice is incorrect. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and is not primarily caused by genetic mutations.

A. Fasting blood glucose test. B. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). C. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test. D. C-peptide test.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated, reflecting average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It is a valuable tool for assessing long-term glycemic control.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. The fasting blood glucose test measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast and provides a snapshot of current glucose levels, rather than long-term control.

b. This choice is incorrect. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measures how the body responds to a glucose load and is used to diagnose diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, rather than monitor long-term control.

d. This choice is incorrect. The C-peptide test is used to assess insulin production by measuring the level of C-peptide, a byproduct of insulin production.

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Which organ plays a central role in regulating blood glucose levels by secreting insulin and glucagon?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is not related to insulin deficiency or resistance, but rather results from genetic mutations affecting the function of specific genes involved in beta cell function?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which laboratory test is commonly used to monitor long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus by measuring average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which diagnostic criterion is indicative of diabetes mellitus on a random blood glucose test?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by damage to the blood vessels of the retina, leading to vision impairment and potential blindness?

The nurse is explaining the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Which clinical manifestation is often referred to as the "three P's" of diabetes mellitus?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the accumulation of glucose within the lens of the eye, leading to changes in vision and the development of cataracts?

Which treatment modality involves monitoring blood glucose levels and adjusting insulin doses based on carbohydrate intake, activity level, and current blood glucose levels to achieve tight glycemic control?

Which statement accurately describes gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?

Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms contributes to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus?