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Which of the following structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot?

A.

Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

B.

Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy

C.

Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

D.

Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, life ventricular hypertrophy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

a) Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy: Does not describe the specific combination seen in tetralogy of Fallot.

b) Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy: Incorrect combination of defects for tetralogy of Fallot.

c) Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy: Accurately describes the four structural defects characterizing tetralogy of Fallot.

d) Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, left ventricular hypertrophy: Left ventricular hypertrophy is not typically part of tetralogy of Fallot.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

a) Allowing the child to choose what time to take his medication might foster responsibility but may not specifically contribute to the sense of industry.

b) Allowing the child to help with his dressing change encourages responsibility and care but may not directly impact the sense of industry.

c) Allowing the child to assist with his bath encourages independence and self-care, but completing schoolwork often involves goal-setting, effort, and accomplishment, fostering a sense of industry according to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development for this age group.

d) Allowing the child to complete schoolwork fosters the development of a sense of industry. Erik Erikson, a developmental psychologist, proposed a theory of psychosocial development where he described the stage of "industry versus inferiority" occurring during middle childhood (roughly ages 6-12 years).

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

a) The eustachian tube is longer, wider, and more vertical in younger children: Inaccurate; a more vertical tube might be less prone to drainage issues.

b) The eustachian tube is longer, narrower, and more vertical in younger children: The opposite configuration of the pediatric eustachian tube.

c) The eustachian tube is shorter, wider, and more horizontal in younger children: The anatomy of the pediatric eustachian tube predisposes children to ear infections due to poor drainage and ventilation.

d) The eustachian tube is shorter, narrower, and more horizontal in younger children: Inaccurate; this configuration is less prone to issues related to otitis media.

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