Which of the following statements by a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires further teaching or clarification? (Select all that apply.)
"I will monitor my nutrition and fluid status."
"Because I have HIV, that means I'm an AIDS patient."
"I can still have unprotected intercourse with my partner since he doesn't have HIV."
"I need to ensure that I place my needles in a proper needle disposal container."
"I can spread this through contact with surfaces, so I need to wear gloves in public."
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Choice A reason: "I will monitor my nutrition and fluid status." is not a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is correct and appropriate. Monitoring nutrition and fluid status is an important selfcare measure for people with HIV, as it can help maintain the immune function, prevent dehydration, and promote healing. People with HIV should eat a balanced and varied diet, drink enough water, and avoid foods or drinks that can cause diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting.
Choice B reason: "Because I have HIV, that means I'm an AIDS patient." is a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is incorrect and misleading. Having HIV does not mean that one has AIDS, but rather that one is at risk of developing AIDS. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, which is the most advanced stage of the infection. AIDS is diagnosed when the CD4+ Tcell count drops below 200 cells per microliter of blood, or when the person develops one or more opportunistic infections or cancers. People with HIV can delay or prevent the progression to AIDS by taking antiretroviral drugs, which can suppress the viral load and improve the immune function.
Choice C reason: "I can still have unprotected intercourse with my partner since he doesn't have HIV." is a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is incorrect and misleading. Having unprotected intercourse with a partner who does not have HIV is not safe or advisable, as it can expose the partner to the risk of contracting HIV. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, as well as through blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or breast milk. People with HIV should use condoms or other barrier methods during intercourse, regardless of the HIV status of their partner. People with HIV should also inform their partner about their infection, and encourage them to get tested and treated if needed.
Choice D reason: "I need to ensure that I place my needles in a proper needle disposal container." is not a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is correct and appropriate. Placing needles in a proper needle disposal container is an important infection prevention measure for people with HIV, as it can prevent the accidental or intentional reuse or sharing of needles, which can transmit HIV or other bloodborne diseases. People with HIV should use new and sterile needles for injections, and dispose of them in a punctureresistant and leakproof container, which can be obtained from a pharmacy, clinic, or health department.
Choice E reason: "I can spread this through contact with surfaces, so I need to wear gloves in public." is a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is incorrect and exaggerated. Spreading HIV through contact with surfaces is not possible or likely, as the virus does not survive long outside the body, and is not transmitted by casual contact, such as touching, hugging, or sharing utensils. Wearing gloves in public is not necessary or advisable, as it can create a false sense of security, stigma, or discrimination. People with HIV should practice good hygiene, such as washing hands, covering coughs, and cleaning wounds, but they do not need to wear gloves or other protective equipment in public.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: "I will need to limit the number of fruit servings each day." is not a statement that indicates a correct understanding of the teaching, because it is irrelevant and inaccurate. Limiting the number of fruit servings each day is not a part of the lowpurine diet, as fruits are low in purine and do not affect the uric acid levels. Fruits are also beneficial for the health, as they provide vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber.
Choice B reason: "I should avoid eating liver and other organ meats." is a statement that indicates a correct understanding of the teaching, because it is relevant and accurate. Avoiding eating liver and other organ meats is a part of the lowpurine diet, as organ meats are high in purine and can increase the uric acid levels. Uric acid is a waste product that is formed when purine is broken down in the body. High uric acid levels can cause gout, which is a type of arthritis that occurs when uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints, causing pain, inflammation, and swelling.
Choice C reason: "I can drink only white wine." is not a statement that indicates a correct understanding of the teaching, because it is incorrect and misleading. Drinking only white wine is not a part of the lowpurine diet, as white wine is not low in purine and can increase the uric acid levels. Alcohol, in general, can interfere with the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys, and can also trigger or worsen the gout attacks. Therefore, people with gout should limit or avoid alcohol consumption, regardless of the type or color of the wine.
Choice D reason: "I should choose red meat instead of poultry." is not a statement that indicates a correct understanding of the teaching, because it is incorrect and misleading. Choosing red meat instead of poultry is not a part of the lowpurine diet, as red meat is not low in purine and can increase the uric acid levels. Red meat, such as beef, pork, or lamb, is high in purine and can aggravate the gout symptoms. Therefore, people with gout should limit or avoid red meat consumption, and choose poultry, fish, or plantbased proteins instead.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is the correct statement because it reflects the fact that reexposure to HIV can increase the viral load and accelerate the decline of the immune system. HIV is a virus that infects and destroys the CD4 cells, which are the white blood cells that help fight infections. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, when the CD4 count falls below 200 cells/mm3 or the client develops an opportunistic infection. The progression from HIV to AIDS can vary from person to person, depending on several factors, such as viral strain, genetic factors, treatment adherence, and coinfections. Reexposure to HIV can expose the client to a different or more aggressive strain of the virus, which can overwhelm the immune system and hasten the development of AIDS.
Choice B reason: This is an incorrect statement because it ignores the role of nutrition in maintaining the health and function of the immune system. Diet can influence the progression of HIV to AIDS by affecting the client's weight, energy, metabolism, and susceptibility to infections. The client should eat a balanced and varied diet that provides adequate calories, protein, vitamins, minerals, and fluids. The client should also avoid foods that can cause diarrhea, dehydration, or food poisoning, which can worsen the symptoms and complications of HIV infection.
Choice C reason: This is an incorrect statement because it contradicts the evidence that shows that meditation can have positive effects on the psychological and physiological wellbeing of people living with HIV. Meditation is a mindbody practice that involves focusing attention on the present moment, breathing, and relaxation. Meditation can help the client cope with stress, anxiety, depression, and pain, which are common challenges for people living with HIV. Meditation can also improve the immune system function by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cortisol levels, which can slow down the progression of HIV to AIDS.
Choice D reason: This is an incorrect statement because it overlooks the impact of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the course of HIV infection. STIs can increase the risk of transmitting and acquiring HIV by causing ulcers, inflammation, or bleeding in the genital area, which can facilitate the entry and exit of the virus. STIs can also increase the viral load and decrease the CD4 count, which can speed up the progression of HIV to AIDS. The client should practice safe sex by using condoms, getting tested and treated for STIs, and informing their sexual partners about their HIV status.
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