Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of the immune system?
The immune system is responsible for regulating body temperature and blood pressure.
The immune system is involved in digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.
The immune system is responsible for recognizing and defending against foreign invaders, such as pathogens and toxins.
The immune system is involved in producing hormones that control various bodily functions.
The Correct Answer is C
Explanation: The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to identify and respond to foreign substances in the body, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and toxins. Its primary function is to protect the body from infections and other harmful substances.
Incorrect choices:
a. The regulation of body temperature and blood pressure is primarily controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems, not the immune system.
b. Digestion and absorption of nutrients from food are processes mainly controlled by the digestive system, not the immune system.
d. The production of hormones that control bodily functions is primarily the responsibility of the endocrine system, not the immune system.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) play a critical role in the immune response by enhancing the activity of other immune cells. They secrete cytokines that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies, activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells, and promote the function of macrophages in phagocytosis. Helper T cells are essential for coordinating and regulating the immune response.
Incorrect choices:
a. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) are responsible for directly attacking and killing infected cells, not enhancing the activity of other immune cells.
b. Memory T cells are formed after the immune system encounters an antigen and are not directly involved in enhancing immune cell activity.
d. Suppressor T cells (regulatory T cells) are involved in down-regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage, not in enhancing immune cell activity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Receiving antibodies through placenta during pregnancy. Passive immunity is acquired when preformed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another, providing immediate but temporary protection. This can occur naturally through breastfeeding or artificially through administration of preformed antibodies, as in the case of placental transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby.
Incorrect choices:
a. Receiving a flu vaccine involves active immunity, where the body is exposed to an attenuated or inactivated pathogen to stimulate the production of antibodies and memory cells for long-term protection.
b. Developing immunity after recovering from a viral infection is an example of active immunity, where the body mounts an immune response and produces memory cells to provide long-lasting protection against the pathogen.
d. Producing memory cells after exposure to a pathogen is part of the adaptive immune response and contributes to long-term immunity, not passive immunity.
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