Which of the following is an advantage of percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty over valve replacement in treating mitral stenosis?

Avoids the need for lifelong anticoagulant therapy

Can be performed under local anesthesia

Provides permanent correction of the valve defect

Has a lower risk of infection compared to valve replacement.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:
A. Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty (PTBV) is a minimally invasive procedure that dilates the stenotic mitral valve without replacing it. Since no prosthetic valve is implanted, clients typically do not require lifelong anticoagulation, which is a major advantage over mechanical valve replacement.

B. While PTBV is less invasive than open surgery, it usually requires moderate sedation or general anesthesia for patient comfort and safety. Local anesthesia alone is rarely sufficient.

C. PTBV improves valve opening temporarily, but valve restenosis can occur over time, so the correction is not necessarily permanent. Valve replacement provides a more long-term solution.

D. While PTBV avoids prosthetic material and thus may reduce some infection risks, infection is generally not the primary concern with valve replacement, and the overall difference in infection risk is not a primary advantage cited for PTBV.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Dyspnea can indicate that infective endocarditis is affecting cardiac function, potentially leading to heart failure or embolic events. Because it reflects a compromise in oxygenation and cardiac output, it is the priority manifestation for immediate monitoring.

B. Anorexia is a common systemic symptom but is not life-threatening and does not require immediate intervention.

C. Malaise reflects general fatigue and illness but is not an urgent finding compared to dyspnea.

D. Fever is a hallmark sign of infection and should be monitored, but it is not immediately life-threatening. Priority is given to manifestations that indicate compromised oxygenation or circulation.

A. "Endocarditis is an infection of the endocardium resulting from a bloodborne pathogen that adheres to an injured part of the endocardium. B. "Only children with congenital heart disease are at risk for endocarditis, so your child likely has an underlying condition." C. "Endocarditis and its sequalae are localized to the heart and do not typically impact other parts of the body." D. "Endocarditis only occurs in children who are immunocompromised, because they are not able to fight off the bacterial infection in the heart."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. This statement is accurate. Infective endocarditis occurs when bacteria or other pathogens in the bloodstream attach to damaged areas of the endocardium or heart valves, leading to vegetation formation and potential systemic complications.

B. This is incorrect because anyone with predisposing factors, such as prosthetic heart valves, previous endocarditis, or certain cardiac lesions, can develop endocarditis. It is not limited to children or congenital heart disease.

C. This is incorrect because infective endocarditis can have systemic effects, including septic emboli, stroke, renal infarction, and other organ involvement.

D. While immunocompromised patients are at increased risk, endocarditis can occur in any patient with susceptible cardiac endothelium or exposure to pathogens, regardless of age or immune status.

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Which of the following is an advantage of percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty over valve replacement in treating mitral stenosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following blood test results should the nurse anticipate? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to the family of a client who has infectious endocarditis. which of the following statements made by the nurse is accurate regarding this condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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