Which of the following is an advantage of percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty over valve replacement in treating mitral stenosis?
Avoids the need for lifelong anticoagulant therapy
Can be performed under local anesthesia
Provides permanent correction of the valve defect
Has a lower risk of infection compared to valve replacement.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty (PTBV) is a minimally invasive procedure that dilates the stenotic mitral valve without replacing it. Since no prosthetic valve is implanted, clients typically do not require lifelong anticoagulation, which is a major advantage over mechanical valve replacement.
B. While PTBV is less invasive than open surgery, it usually requires moderate sedation or general anesthesia for patient comfort and safety. Local anesthesia alone is rarely sufficient.
C. PTBV improves valve opening temporarily, but valve restenosis can occur over time, so the correction is not necessarily permanent. Valve replacement provides a more long-term solution.
D. While PTBV avoids prosthetic material and thus may reduce some infection risks, infection is generally not the primary concern with valve replacement, and the overall difference in infection risk is not a primary advantage cited for PTBV.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Dyspnea can indicate that infective endocarditis is affecting cardiac function, potentially leading to heart failure or embolic events. Because it reflects a compromise in oxygenation and cardiac output, it is the priority manifestation for immediate monitoring.
B. Anorexia is a common systemic symptom but is not life-threatening and does not require immediate intervention.
C. Malaise reflects general fatigue and illness but is not an urgent finding compared to dyspnea.
D. Fever is a hallmark sign of infection and should be monitored, but it is not immediately life-threatening. Priority is given to manifestations that indicate compromised oxygenation or circulation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Chronic aortic regurgitation typically does not cause bradycardia; the heart often compensates for the increased volume load by maintaining a normal or slightly elevated heart rate to preserve cardiac output.
B. This symptom is not characteristic of aortic regurgitation. Any abdominal discomfort in cardiac patients is more likely related to comorbidities or advanced heart failure affecting liver congestion, not the valve disease itself.
C. Chronic aortic regurgitation leads to volume overload of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular dilation and eventually increased pulmonary venous pressure. This results in left-sided heart failure symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea, fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance, which often appear gradually as the disease progresses.
D. Typically associated with right-sided heart failure, peripheral edema is not an early or primary symptom of isolated aortic regurgitation. It may appear only in advanced stages if biventricular failure develops.
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