Which of the following is a common symptom of chronic aortic regurgitation?

Bradycardia

Abdominal pain

Exertional dyspnea

Peripheral edema

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Rationale:
A. Chronic aortic regurgitation typically does not cause bradycardia; the heart often compensates for the increased volume load by maintaining a normal or slightly elevated heart rate to preserve cardiac output.

B. This symptom is not characteristic of aortic regurgitation. Any abdominal discomfort in cardiac patients is more likely related to comorbidities or advanced heart failure affecting liver congestion, not the valve disease itself.

C. Chronic aortic regurgitation leads to volume overload of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular dilation and eventually increased pulmonary venous pressure. This results in left-sided heart failure symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea, fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance, which often appear gradually as the disease progresses.

D. Typically associated with right-sided heart failure, peripheral edema is not an early or primary symptom of isolated aortic regurgitation. It may appear only in advanced stages if biventricular failure develops.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. PT measures the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways, which are affected by warfarin therapy. Warfarin inhibits vitamin K–dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X), prolonging PT. Nurses also often monitor the international normalized ratio (INR), which standardizes PT results to guide therapeutic dosing. For clients with an artificial heart valve, the therapeutic INR range is usually 2.5–3.5.

B. aPTT measures the intrinsic coagulation pathway and is primarily used to monitor heparin therapy, not warfarin. It does not reflect the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

C. Hemoglobin measures the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and can indicate anemia, but it does not provide information about coagulation or warfarin effectiveness.

D. Bleeding time evaluates platelet function, not the effect of anticoagulants like warfarin. Warfarin primarily affects clotting factor synthesis, not platelet function.

A. "Endocarditis is an infection of the endocardium resulting from a bloodborne pathogen that adheres to an injured part of the endocardium. B. "Only children with congenital heart disease are at risk for endocarditis, so your child likely has an underlying condition." C. "Endocarditis and its sequalae are localized to the heart and do not typically impact other parts of the body." D. "Endocarditis only occurs in children who are immunocompromised, because they are not able to fight off the bacterial infection in the heart."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. This statement is accurate. Infective endocarditis occurs when bacteria or other pathogens in the bloodstream attach to damaged areas of the endocardium or heart valves, leading to vegetation formation and potential systemic complications.

B. This is incorrect because anyone with predisposing factors, such as prosthetic heart valves, previous endocarditis, or certain cardiac lesions, can develop endocarditis. It is not limited to children or congenital heart disease.

C. This is incorrect because infective endocarditis can have systemic effects, including septic emboli, stroke, renal infarction, and other organ involvement.

D. While immunocompromised patients are at increased risk, endocarditis can occur in any patient with susceptible cardiac endothelium or exposure to pathogens, regardless of age or immune status.

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Which of the following is a common symptom of chronic aortic regurgitation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed warfarin therapy for an artificial heart valve. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor for a therapeutic effect of warfarin?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to the family of a client who has infectious endocarditis. which of the following statements made by the nurse is accurate regarding this condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has mitral valve stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is assessing a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following findings should be the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?

The nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a history of asthma. The nurse reviews the provider's orders and recognizes that clarification is needed for which of the following medications?

A nurse is interpreting the ECG strip of a client who has bradycardia. Which of the following cardiac components should the nurse identify as the role of the P wave?

Which of the following is a primary goal of catheter ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation?

A nurse cares for a client who manifests Ventricular Tachycardia on a cardiac monitor. Which action should the nurse take first?

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following blood test results should the nurse anticipate? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is caring for a client who has pericarditis and reports feeling a new onset of palpitations and shortness of breath. Which of the following assessments should indicate to the nurse that the client may have developed atrial fibrillation?