Which of the following is a common symptom of chronic aortic regurgitation?
Bradycardia
Abdominal pain
Exertional dyspnea
Peripheral edema
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Chronic aortic regurgitation typically does not cause bradycardia; the heart often compensates for the increased volume load by maintaining a normal or slightly elevated heart rate to preserve cardiac output.
B. This symptom is not characteristic of aortic regurgitation. Any abdominal discomfort in cardiac patients is more likely related to comorbidities or advanced heart failure affecting liver congestion, not the valve disease itself.
C. Chronic aortic regurgitation leads to volume overload of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular dilation and eventually increased pulmonary venous pressure. This results in left-sided heart failure symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea, fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance, which often appear gradually as the disease progresses.
D. Typically associated with right-sided heart failure, peripheral edema is not an early or primary symptom of isolated aortic regurgitation. It may appear only in advanced stages if biventricular failure develops.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Oxygen is administered during the initial acute phase if the client is hypoxic, to improve myocardial oxygenation, but it does not directly manage pain or anxiety once stabilized.
B. Nitroglycerin is used to relieve chest pain and reduce myocardial workload, primarily in the acute phase of MI. Its use after stabilization is for ongoing ischemia, not specifically for anxiety or persistent pain.
C. Aspirin is an antiplatelet therapy that prevents further clot formation and is continued long-term for MI management, but it does not address acute pain or anxiety.
D. Morphine is indicated after the initial acute phase to manage persistent chest pain and anxiety. It works by reducing myocardial oxygen demand through vasodilation and providing analgesia and sedation, making it appropriate for pain and anxiety management post-acute MI.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Cardiac enzyme tests indicate myocardial injury but do not pinpoint the exact location of the infarct; imaging or ECG is required for localization.
B. Cardiac enzymes, such as troponin and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), are released into the bloodstream when myocardial cells are damaged. Their levels correlate with the extent of cardiac tissue injury, helping providers assess severity and guide treatment.
C. Pulmonary congestion is assessed via physical examination, chest X-ray, or echocardiography, not cardiac enzyme levels.
D. Structural assessment requires echocardiography or other imaging, not blood enzyme studies.
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