Which of the following infectious disease interventions best represents the use of secondary prevention?

Clients with HIV infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect sexual partners.

Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray.

Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza.

Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Clients with HIV infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect sexual partners. This is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent disease transmission before it occurs.

B. Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray. Secondary prevention involves early detection and screening to identify disease in its early stages before symptoms develop or to prevent progression. TB screening (skin tests or chest X-rays) allows for early identification and treatment, preventing further transmission and severe disease.

C. Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza. This is also primary prevention because vaccinations help prevent initial infection.

D. Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response. This represents tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing existing disease to prevent complications.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Poultry: Poultry is more commonly associated with Salmonella and Campylobacter infections rather than E. coli 0157:H7.

B. Water parks: While waterborne outbreaks can occur, direct animal contact is a greater risk factor for E. coli 0157:H7 infection.

C. Petting zoos: Petting zoos pose a significant risk because E. coli 0157:H7 can be transmitted through contact with infected animals and their feces. Children and immunocompromised individuals are especially vulnerable.

D. Carrots: While contaminated produce has been linked to E. coli outbreaks, petting zoos pose a higher risk due to direct exposure to infected animals.

A. Ticks B. Protozoal C. Mites D. Roundworms E. Tapeworms

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Ticks: Ticks are ectoparasites that attach to the outside of the host rather than living inside the body.

B. Protozoal: Protozoa (e.g., Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica) are endoparasites that live inside the host, affecting the digestive system.

C. Mites: Mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) are also ectoparasites and do not cause internal gastrointestinal infections.

D. Roundworms: Roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) are endoparasites that live in the intestines and can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and malnutrition.

E. Tapeworms: Tapeworms (Taenia solium, Taenia saginata) are also endoparasites that reside in the intestines and can cause weight loss and abdominal discomfort.

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Which of the following infectious disease interventions best represents the use of secondary prevention?

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