Which of the following findings in a patient with Raynaud’s disease would indicate a need for further teaching?

The patient smokes cigarettes.

The patient eats bananas twice a day.

The patient wears mittens outside.

The patient takes calcium channel blockers.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Smoking cigarettes can exacerbate the symptoms of Raynaud’s disease by causing further constriction of the blood vessels. Therefore, a patient who continues to smoke cigarettes may need further education about the management of Raynaud’s disease.
Choice B rationale
Eating bananas twice a day is not typically a concern for patients with Raynaud’s disease.
Choice C rationale
Wearing mittens outside, especially in cold weather, is a recommended strategy for managing Raynaud’s disease. It can help to prevent episodes of Raynaud’s by keeping the hands warm and reducing exposure to cold temperatures.
Choice D rationale
Taking calcium channel blockers is a common treatment for Raynaud’s disease. These medications help to relax and open up the small blood vessels in the hands and feet, reducing the severity and frequency of Raynaud’s episodes.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. While it can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease due to systemic inflammation, it is not typically considered a direct cause of secondary hypertension.
Choice B rationale
Coarctation of the aorta, a congenital condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, can cause secondary hypertension. This is because the narrowing can increase resistance to blood flow, leading to increased pressure.
Choice C rationale
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can cause secondary hypertension as part of Cushing’s reflex, a physiological response to protect the brain from damage. This reflex can lead to an increase in systemic blood pressure in an attempt to maintain cerebral perfusion.
Choice D rationale
Renal disease is a common cause of secondary hypertension. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, and damage to the kidneys can lead to hypertension.
Choice E rationale
Colon cancer is not typically associated with secondary hypertension. While some cancers can produce substances that increase blood pressure, colon cancer is not commonly associated with this phenomenon.

A. Heberden’s nodes. B. Bouchard’s nodes. C. Janeway lesions. D. Tophi.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Heberden’s nodes are bony swellings that occur at the distal interphalangeal finger joint, a sign of osteoarthritis. They are not associated with infective endocarditis (IE).
Choice B rationale
Bouchard’s nodes are similar to Heberden’s nodes but occur at the proximal interphalangeal finger joint. They are also a sign of osteoarthritis and not associated with IE.
Choice C rationale
Janeway lesions are flat, painless, red or purple spots on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. They are associated with IE and are caused by septic emboli which are small clots filled with bacteria. These emboli can lodge in small blood vessels, causing these characteristic lesions.
Choice D rationale
Tophi are hard, uric acid deposits under the skin. They are a sign of chronic gout, not IE.

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Which of the following findings in a patient with Raynaud’s disease would indicate a need for further teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following conditions are potential causes of secondary hypertension? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

The nurse is conducting a physical assessment on a client with infective endocarditis (IE). The nurse observes flat, reddened, non-tender maculae on the hands and feet. What does the nurse understand these to be?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

After receiving a change-of-shift report, which patient admitted to the emergency department should the nurse assess first?

Which antihypertensive medication is not recommended for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma?

Diltiazem (Cardizem) has been prescribed for a patient newly diagnosed with Prinzmetal’s (variant) angina. What accurate action of diltiazem should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

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What is the primary pathophysiological reason for performing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery?

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The nurse is caring for a client with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). What emergent procedure does the nurse anticipate the physician will order?