Which of the following factors are known to commonly trigger a crisis in patients with sickle cell disease? (Select all that apply)

Airplane flights

Dehydration

Cold weather

Illness

Flashing light patterns on television

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A.   Airplane flights can trigger a crisis due to changes in altitude and decreased oxygen levels in the cabin. The lower atmospheric pressure and reduced oxygen can contribute to sickling of red blood cells, increasing the risk of a crisis.
B.   Dehydration is a significant trigger for sickle cell crises. It can lead to hemoconcentration, making the blood more viscous and promoting sickling of the red blood cells. Maintaining hydration is crucial for preventing crises.
C.   Exposure to cold weather can trigger vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell patients. Cold temperatures can cause blood vessels to constrict, reducing blood flow and increasing the likelihood of sickling and pain episodes.
D.   Any illness, particularly infections, can trigger a sickle cell crisis. Infections can lead to increased metabolic demand, dehydration, and inflammatory responses, all of which can contribute to vaso- occlusion and pain.
E.   While certain sensory stimuli can affect individuals with various conditions (like migraines), flashing light patterns on television are not commonly recognized triggers for a sickle cell crisis. There is no substantial evidence linking this to vaso-occlusive events in sickle cell disease.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hallux Valgus refers to a deformity where the big toe (hallux) angles towards the second toe, often accompanied by a bony bump (bunion) on the side of the foot. This condition can cause pain, discomfort, and difficulty in finding properly fitting footwear.
B. Ulnar deviation refers to the movement of the wrist where the hand deviates towards the ulnar bone (the side of the little finger). It is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and not related to foot deformities.
C. Nodules on the fingers can occur in various conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (called rheumatoid nodules). This term does not relate to Hallux Valgus or any deformity of the foot.
D. Bone spurs are bony projections that develop along the edges of bones, often related to osteoarthritis. While they can occur in the knees, they are not associated with Hallux Valgus.

A. They will be treated with medications for 2 years B. They will always test negative on a Mantoux test C. They can spread it to others until they have 3 negative sputum tests D. They can't spread it to others

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While patients with latent TB may be treated to prevent progression to active TB, the treatment duration is generally shorter—typically around 3 to 9 months, depending on the medication regimen (e.g., isoniazid for 9 months or rifampin for 4 months).
B. Individuals with latent TB will usually test positive on a Mantoux test (also known as a tuberculin skin test), indicating they have been exposed to the TB bacteria. However, those with latent TB do not have active disease and may not have symptoms.
C. Individuals with latent TB do not spread the bacteria to others because the infection is contained and does not cause active disease. Only those with active TB can transmit the bacteria, regardless of sputum test results.
D. Patients with latent TB are not contagious and cannot spread the bacteria to others. The bacteria remain inactive in the body, and only a small percentage of these individuals may develop active TB in the future.

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Which of the following factors are known to commonly trigger a crisis in patients with sickle cell disease? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

You are reading the Physician's notes on your patient when you notice that the Dr. wrote that the patient has a Hallux Valgus deformity. What is this describing?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

As a nurse, you understand that when patients have latent TB:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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