Which of the following factors are known to commonly trigger a crisis in patients with sickle cell disease? (Select all that apply)

Airplane flights

Dehydration

Cold weather

Illness

Flashing light patterns on television

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A.   Airplane flights can trigger a crisis due to changes in altitude and decreased oxygen levels in the cabin. The lower atmospheric pressure and reduced oxygen can contribute to sickling of red blood cells, increasing the risk of a crisis.
B.   Dehydration is a significant trigger for sickle cell crises. It can lead to hemoconcentration, making the blood more viscous and promoting sickling of the red blood cells. Maintaining hydration is crucial for preventing crises.
C.   Exposure to cold weather can trigger vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell patients. Cold temperatures can cause blood vessels to constrict, reducing blood flow and increasing the likelihood of sickling and pain episodes.
D.   Any illness, particularly infections, can trigger a sickle cell crisis. Infections can lead to increased metabolic demand, dehydration, and inflammatory responses, all of which can contribute to vaso- occlusion and pain.
E.   While certain sensory stimuli can affect individuals with various conditions (like migraines), flashing light patterns on television are not commonly recognized triggers for a sickle cell crisis. There is no substantial evidence linking this to vaso-occlusive events in sickle cell disease.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Patients with this condition cannot absorb vitamin B12 from food due to a lack of intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption in the intestines. Therefore, vitamin B12 is administered via intramuscular (IM) injection to bypass the gastrointestinal absorption issue, ensuring that the patient receives the necessary amount of this vital nutrient.
B. While iron supplements may be necessary for other types of anemia (like iron deficiency anemia), they are not the primary treatment for Pernicious Anemia. This condition is specifically related to vitamin B12 deficiency rather than iron deficiency, so iron is not a standard treatment option in this scenario.
C. Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions may be used in severe cases of anemia, particularly if the patient is symptomatic or has significant fatigue or cardiovascular instability. However, this is not a direct treatment for Pernicious Anemia itself and is not routinely used as the primary management strategy.
D. Normal saline (NS) intravenous infusion may be used for hydration or to maintain fluid balance, but it does not address the underlying cause of Pernicious Anemia. It is not a treatment for the deficiency of vitamin B12.

A. Ensure that patients with AB+ blood type only receive blood from AB type donors B. Finish transfusing PRBC's within 2 hours C. Remain with the patient during the first 15 minutes of the infusion D. Double check the blood product against the patient blood band with another RN E. Prime blood tubing with normal saline (NS)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Individuals with AB+ blood type can receive blood from any donor type (A, B, AB, or O) because they have no antibodies against A or B antigens. The safest practice is to provide the most compatible blood type, but AB+ recipients are considered universal recipients.
B. To minimize the risk of bacterial growth and transfusion reactions, packed red blood cells (PRBCs) should be transfused within 2 hours of starting the infusion. It’s important to monitor the patient closely during this time.
C. The first 15 minutes of a blood transfusion are critical for observing any immediate adverse reactions. The nurse should stay with the patient during this time to monitor vital signs and assess for any signs of a transfusion reaction.
D. A crucial safety step is to verify the blood product against the patient’s blood band with another registered nurse (RN). This helps prevent errors related to mismatched blood transfusions, which can be life-threatening.
E. Blood transfusion tubing should be primed with normal saline to ensure that the blood product flows properly and to maintain patency. Normal saline is used because it is compatible with blood products and does not cause hemolysis.

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Which of the following factors are known to commonly trigger a crisis in patients with sickle cell disease? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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