Which of the following conditions are eating disorders? (Select All that Apply.)
Purging
Cataplexy
Night eating disorder
Pica
Nocturnal myoclonus
Binge eating
Correct Answer : A,C,D,E
A. Purging is a behavior associated with bulimia nervosa, where individuals engage in self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to compensate for binge eating episodes.
C. Night eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of night eating, typically waking up from sleep to consume food, often accompanied by a lack of appetite in the morning and a significant portion of daily caloric intake occurring after the evening meal.
D. Pica is a disorder characterized by persistent eating of non-nutritive substances, such as clay, dirt, chalk, or paper. Pica involves eating non-food substances and is recognized as an eating disorder due to the potential harm it can cause.
F. Binge eating disorder involves recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food within a discrete period, accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike bulimia nervosa, individuals with binge eating disorder do not engage in purging behaviors.
B. Cataplexy is a symptom of narcolepsy, characterized by sudden episodes of muscle weakness or loss of muscle tone, often triggered by strong emotions.
E. Nocturnal myoclonus, also known as periodic limb movement disorder, involves involuntary muscle contractions or jerks during sleep, which can disrupt sleep but is not related to eating behaviors.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Antidepressants, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are commonly used in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. SSRIs such as fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and others are FDA- approved for the treatment of bulimia nervosa due to their effectiveness in reducing binge eating episodes and helping to control the symptoms associated with the disorder.
A. CNS stimulants are not typically used in the treatment of bulimia. They may increase anxiety and have abuse potential, which could exacerbate symptoms.
B. While some anxiolytics may be prescribed for comorbid anxiety disorders often seen with bulimia nervosa, they are not the primary treatment for bulimia itself.
A. CNS stimulants are not typically used in the treatment of bulimia. They may increase anxiety and have abuse potential, which could exacerbate symptoms.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Peer relationships are critically important during adolescence. Positive peer relationships can provide emotional support, a sense of belonging, and opportunities for socialization and development of social skills. On the other hand, negative peer relationships, such as bullying, social exclusion, or conflicts with peers, can contribute to feelings of loneliness, rejection, and depression.
A. While positive communication between teachers and teenagers can contribute to academic success and emotional support, it is not typically listed as a primary factor directly related to depression in adolescence. Issues related to academics and school performance may indirectly affect depression, but direct communication with teachers is less likely to be a significant factor compared to other options.
B. Effective communication between parents and teenagers plays a crucial role in adolescent development. Supportive and open communication can help adolescents feel understood, validated, and supported, which can have a protective effect against depression. Conversely, poor communication or conflict within the family environment can contribute to feelings of isolation, distress, and ultimately depression.
C. Academic stress, performance pressure, and difficulties in school can significantly impact an adolescent's mental health. High expectations, bullying, academic failure, or feeling overwhelmed by schoolwork can contribute to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and depression in adolescents.
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