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Which of the following are manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea? (Select all that apply.)
(Select All that Apply.)

Easily getting back to sleep after awakening

Many episodes of apnea per night

Loud snort after breathing cessation

10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation 10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation

Daytime sleepiness

Frequent, loud snoring

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E,F

Choice A Reason:

Easily getting back to sleep after awakening is incorrect. This is not typically a manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea. Instead, individuals with OSA often experience fragmented sleep due to frequent awakenings caused by apnea episodes.

Choice B Reason:

Many episodes of apnea per night is correct. Yes, individuals with obstructive sleep apnea experience many episodes of apnea (complete cessation of breathing) or hypopnea (partial obstruction of airflow) per night. These episodes can occur multiple times throughout the night, disrupting normal sleep patterns.

Choice C Reason:

Loud snort after breathing cessation is correct. This is a characteristic manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea. Individuals with OSA often make choking, snorting, or gasping sounds after a period of breathing cessation as they attempt to resume breathing.

Choice D Reason:

10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation is correct. Yes, breathing cessation episodes in obstructive sleep apnea typically last for 10 seconds or longer. These prolonged episodes of apnea contribute to oxygen desaturation and disrupted sleep.

Choice E Reason:

Daytime sleepiness is correct. Yes, daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. Disrupted sleep patterns and frequent awakenings during the night can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and decreased alertness.

Choice F Reason:

Frequent, loud snoring is correct. Yes, frequent, loud snoring is a hallmark symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. Snoring occurs due to the partial obstruction of airflow in the upper airway during sleep.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Sedatives do not impact the risk of obstructive sleep apnea: This statement is incorrect. Sedatives, particularly those that cause muscle relaxation or depress the central nervous system, can exacerbate obstructive sleep apnea by further relaxing the muscles of the upper airway, leading to increased airway collapse during sleep.

Choice B Reason:

CPAP compliance enhances quality of sleep is correct. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Compliance with CPAP therapy, meaning consistent and proper use of the CPAP device during sleep, is essential for effectively managing sleep apnea and improving sleep quality.

Choice C Reason:

Alcohol does not affect the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. This statement is incorrect. Alcohol consumption can worsen obstructive sleep apnea by promoting muscle relaxation in the upper airway, leading to increased airway collapse and more frequent episodes of apnea during sleep.

Choice D Reason:

Obesity increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. This statement is correct. Obesity is a significant risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea. Excess fat tissue around the neck can increase the likelihood of airway obstruction during sleep, contributing to the development or worsening of sleep apnea.

Choice E Reason:

Positional therapy enhances client comfort is correct. Positional therapy involves strategies to encourage sleeping in positions that minimize the severity of obstructive sleep apnea, particularly for individuals with positional OSA (where apnea events are primarily or significantly worse when sleeping in specific positions, such as supine). This statement is correct.

Choice F Reason:

Smoking increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea: This statement is correct. Smoking can increase the risk of obstructive sleep apnea due to its effects on upper airway inflammation and respiratory function. Smoking cessation can be beneficial in managing sleep apnea and improving overall health.

A. Higher oxygen saturations of 98% to 99% B. Lower oxygen saturations of 93% to 94% C. Lower energy expenditure D. Increased lung capacity

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Higher oxygen saturations of 98% to 99% is inappropriate. A pneumothorax involves the presence of air in the pleural space, which can compromise lung function and gas exchange. This compromised lung function typically leads to decreased oxygenation of the blood, resulting in lower oxygen saturations rather than higher saturations.

Choice B Reason:

Lower oxygen saturations of 93% to 94% is appropriate. A pneumothorax disrupts the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs due to partial or complete lung collapse. As a result, the affected lung is unable to adequately oxygenate the blood, leading to lower oxygen saturations, which are indicative of hypoxemia.

Choice C Reason:

Lower energy expenditure is inappropriate. Energy expenditure is not typically affected by a pneumothorax. While the discomfort and respiratory distress associated with a pneumothorax may cause the individual to limit physical activity, there is no direct impact on overall energy expenditure.

Choice D Reason:

Increased lung capacity is inappropriate. A pneumothorax results in partial or complete collapse of the affected lung, reducing lung capacity rather than increasing it. The presence of air in the pleural space creates positive pressure, which can compress the lung and decrease its ability to expand fully during inhalation.

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Which of the following are manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea? (Select all that apply.) (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

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(Select All that Apply.)