Which level of evidence has insufficient data to make a recommendation?

Choice A reason:

Noticing is the first stage of the Tanner Clinical Judgment Model. It involves the nurse becoming aware of a situation, such as Mary RN observing her patient's behavior and interactions with family members.

Choice B reason:

Responding is the second stage, where the nurse takes action based on their observations and assessments. Mary RN has not yet reached this stage, as she is still in the process of understanding the situation.

Choice C reason:

Reflecting is the third stage, which can occur before, during, or after the response. It involves analyzing the situation and the effectiveness of the actions taken. Mary RN has not yet acted, so she is not in the reflecting stage.

Choice D reason:

Interpreting is the stage where the nurse makes sense of the data gathered during the noticing stage. While Mary RN is gathering data, she has not yet moved on to interpreting the patient's behavior.

Choice A reason:

Coercive power is the correct answer because it relies on the threat of punishment to influence others and lead change. It is often used in situations where compliance is demanded, but it can lead to negative outcomes such as resentment or resistance.

Choice B reason:

Reward power is based on the ability to provide rewards or incentives to others. It is a positive form of influence that encourages desired behaviors by offering something of value in return, rather than using threats.

Choice C reason:

Legitimate power stems from an individual's role or position within an organization or society. It is based on the perceived right to influence others due to one's status or authority, not on punishment.

Choice D reason:

Expert power comes from having knowledge, skills, or expertise that others do not possess. It allows individuals to influence others through their expertise, rather than through punishment or rewards.