Which laboratory value is most indicative of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 18 mg/dL

Serum creatinine of 5.0 mg/dL

Urine specific gravity of 1.015

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

(A) Potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L: Normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), does not indicate CKD.

(B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 18 mg/dL: BUN can fluctuate with hydration status and is not the most specific CKD marker.

(C) Serum creatinine of 5.0 mg/dL: Creatinine is a direct marker of kidney function. A level above 1.2 mg/dL suggests dysfunction, and 5.0 mg/dL is severely elevated, indicating CKD.

(D) Urine specific gravity of 1.015: Falls within the normal range (1.010-1.030), does not indicate CKD.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Mannitol: Osmotic diuretic, does not significantly lower potassium.

(B) Calcium Carbonate: Used for hypocalcemia, not hyperkalemia.

(C) Glucose & Insulin: Insulin drives potassium into cells, reducing serum potassium levels. Glucose is given to prevent hypoglycemia.

(D) Metoprolol: Beta-blocker, does not directly lower potassium.

A. Decreased Skin Turgor B. Jugular Venous Distension C. Hypotension D. Dry Mucous Membranes

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

(A) Decreased Skin Turgor: Seen in dehydration, not fluid overload.

(B) Jugular Venous Distension (JVD): A classic sign of fluid overload due to increased central venous pressure and right-sided heart strain.

(C) Hypotension: Overload causes hypertension, not hypotension.

(D) Dry Mucous Membranes: Seen in dehydration

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Which laboratory value is most indicative of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

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