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Which inheritance pattern requires only one mutated gene to cause a disorder?

A.

X-linked recessive

B.

Mitochondrial

C.

Autosomal recessive

D.

Autosomal dominant

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

(A) X-linked recessive: Requires two mutated genes in females or one in males (e.g., hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy).

(B) Mitochondrial: Inherited only from the mother, affects energy production.

(C) Autosomal recessive: Requires two copies of a mutated gene (one from each parent) to cause disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia).

(D) Autosomal dominant: A single copy of a mutated gene from one parent is enough to cause a disorder. Examples include Huntington’s disease and Marfan syndrome.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Mannitol: Osmotic diuretic, does not significantly lower potassium.

(B) Calcium Carbonate: Used for hypocalcemia, not hyperkalemia.

(C) Glucose & Insulin: Insulin drives potassium into cells, reducing serum potassium levels. Glucose is given to prevent hypoglycemia.

(D) Metoprolol: Beta-blocker, does not directly lower potassium.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"C"},"D":{"answers":"D"},"E":{"answers":"F"}}

Explanation

Cushing’s Syndrome → Dexamethasone Suppression Test

  • Cushing’s Syndrome results from excess cortisol. The dexamethasone suppression test evaluates whether cortisol production is appropriately suppressed by exogenous steroids.

Addison’s Disease → ACTH Stimulation Test

  • Addison’s Disease involves adrenal insufficiency. The ACTH stimulation test checks if the adrenal glands can produce cortisol when stimulated.

Graves’ Disease → TSH Receptor Antibody Test

  • Graves’ Disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition where autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid. The TSH receptor antibody test detects these autoantibodies.

Diabetes Insipidus → Water Deprivation Test

  • Diabetes Insipidus causes excessive urination due to ADH deficiency or resistance. The water deprivation test assesses the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine in response to dehydration.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis → Antithyroid Antibody Test

  • Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is an autoimmune hypothyroid disorder characterized by elevated antithyroid antibodies.

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