Which finding in a client diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) would require a nurse to take immediate action?

Client difficult to arouse.

Blood pressure 142/92 mmHg.

Apneic periods lasting more than 10 seconds.

Oxygen desaturation to 90% when asleep.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

This is because a client with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may have periods of apnea lasting more than 10 seconds during sleep, which can lead to hypoxia and hypercapnia. These conditions can cause the client to be difficult to arouse and may indicate respiratory failure.

The nurse should take immediate action to stimulate the client, provide oxygen, and call for help.

Choice B is wrong because blood pressure 142/92 mmHg is not an emergency for a client with OSA. It is within the stage 1 hypertension range, which may be caused by OSA or other factors. The nurse should monitor the client’s blood pressure and encourage lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, exercise, and dietary changes.

Choice C is wrong because apneic periods lasting more than 10 seconds are expected in a client with OSA. This is the criterion for diagnosing OSA during a sleep study. The nurse should educate the client about the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or other treatments to prevent apnea and improve oxygenation during sleep.

Choice D is wrong because oxygen desaturation to 90% when asleep is not an emergency for a client with OSA. It is a common finding in OSA due to the intermittent obstruction of the upper airway. The nurse should ensure that the client has supplemental oxygen available and teach the client about the benefits of CPAP or other devices to maintain airway patency and oxygen saturation during sleep.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The question asks how many milligrams of the medication will be in 1 mL of D5W. To find this, we need to know the concentration of the medication in the solution.

Concentration is the amount of medication per unit volume of solution. We can use this formula:

Concentration = Mass / Volume

We know that 250 mg of the medication is diluted in 500 mL of D5W. So we can plug these values into the formula:

Concentration = 250 mg / 500 mL Simplifying, we get:

Concentration = 0.5 mg / mL

This means that there are 0.5 mg of the medication in every 1 mL of D5W. So the answer is

To check our answer, we can use another formula:

Mass = Concentration x Volume

If we want to find the mass of the medication in 1 mL of D5W, we can multiply the concentration by the volume:

Mass = 0.5 mg / mL x 1 mL Simplifying, we get:

Mass = 0.5 mg

This matches our answer.

The other choices are wrong because they do not use the correct formula or values. Here is why:

Choice A is wrong because it uses the inverse of the concentration (1 / 0.5) instead of the concentration (0.5).

Choice B is wrong because it uses the mass of the medication (250 mg) instead of the concentration (0.5 mg / mL).

A. The client uses the walker to get up from the chair and looks down at his feet to prevent falling. B. The client bears weight on both feet when moving the walker ahead and steps with the weaker leg first. C. The client places her full weight on the walker with her arms while taking steps to prevent pressure on her lower extremity joints. D. The client leans forward at a 60-degree angle while stepping into the walker but looks ahead at where he is going.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The client bears weight on both feet when moving the walker ahead and steps with the weaker leg first. This is the proper way to use a walker for ambulation, as it provides stability and reduces stress on the affected joints.

Choice A is wrong because the client should not look down at his feet to prevent falling, but rather look ahead at where he is going. Looking down can cause neck strain and loss of balance.

Choice C is wrong because the client should not place her full weight on the walker with her arms while taking steps, as this can cause upper extremity fatigue and injury. The client should use the walker as a support, not a crutch.

Choice D is wrong because the client should not lean forward at a 60-degree angle while stepping into the walker, as this can cause back pain and poor posture. The client should stand upright and move the walker forward about one step’s length at a time.

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Which finding in a client diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) would require a nurse to take immediate action?

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