Which complication of fractures is a result of excessive callus formation at the fracture site?

X-ray is the most appropriate initial diagnostic study for suspected fractures. It provides clear images of bones and can help identify the presence, location, and extent of the fracture.

b. MRI: MRI is useful for soft tissue imaging, but it may not be the first choice for initial evaluation of fractures. X-rays are more commonly used for immediate assessment.
c. CT scan: CT scan can provide detailed images of bones and soft tissues, but it is not typically the first-line imaging study for fractures. X-rays are more commonly performed first.
d. Ultrasound: Ultrasound is primarily used for imaging soft tissues and may not provide sufficient detail for evaluating fractures. X-rays are more appropriate for initial assessment.

A comminuted fracture is a type of fracture where the bone breaks into multiple fragments. This can occur due to a high-impact injury or significant force applied to the bone.

b. Greenstick fracture: A greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture seen in children, where the bone bends and partially breaks on one side but remains intact on the other side.
c. Spiral fracture: A spiral fracture occurs when the bone is twisted, causing a spiral-shaped fracture line. It often results from a twisting force applied to the bone.
d. Transverse fracture: A transverse fracture is a type of fracture where the fracture line is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.