Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose levels and the presence of ketones in the urine, leading to metabolic acidosis and potentially life-threatening complications?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetic retinopathy.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by high blood glucose levels, the presence of ketones in the urine, metabolic acidosis, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. It can lead to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly.

Incorrect choices:

b. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function.

c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.

d. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication that affects the blood vessels of the retina and can lead to vision loss.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and is characterized by high blood glucose levels. It usually resolves after childbirth but increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. GDM typically resolves after childbirth, not after.

b. This choice is incorrect. GDM is not a rare condition; it affects a significant percentage of pregnant women.

c. This choice is incorrect. Women with GDM have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes, later in life.

A. Fasting blood glucose level of 70 mg/dL. B. Fasting blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL. C. Random blood glucose level of 150 mg/dL. D. Hemoglobin A1c level of 6.5%.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A fasting blood glucose level of 100 to 125 mg/dL is considered indicative of prediabetes, which is a condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. A fasting blood glucose level of 70 mg/dL is within the normal range.

c. This choice is incorrect. A random blood glucose level of 150 mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia, but it is not indicative of prediabetes.

d. This choice is incorrect. An hemoglobin A1c level of 6.5% or higher is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus, not prediabetes.

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Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose levels and the presence of ketones in the urine, leading to metabolic acidosis and potentially life-threatening complications?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which statement accurately describes gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which blood glucose level range is considered indicative of prediabetes?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which treatment modality involves monitoring blood glucose levels and adjusting insulin doses based on carbohydrate intake, activity level, and current blood glucose levels to achieve tight glycemic control?

Which statement about type 2 diabetes mellitus is accurate?

Which treatment approach involves delivering a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using an insulin pump and providing bolus doses before meals to mimic physiologic insulin secretion?

Which clinical manifestation is often referred to as the "three P's" of diabetes mellitus?

Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes mellitus?

Which diagnostic test is used to assess glucose tolerance and diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by damage to the blood vessels of the retina, leading to vision impairment and potential blindness?

Which medication works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine, and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?