Which clinical laboratory finding is expected with diabetes insipidus?

Normal serum glucose level

Low serum sodium level

Normal serum sodium level

Elevated serum glucose level

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder that causes the kidneys to produce large amounts of dilute urine, resulting in dehydration and thirst. Diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes mellitus, which affects blood glucose levels. Therefore, diabetes insipidus does not affect serum glucose levels, which are expected to be normal.

However, diabetes insipidus can affect serum sodium levels, which are a measure of the concentration of salt in the blood. Due to the loss of water from the body, serum sodium levels can become high (hypernatremia) in diabetes insipidus. However, if the patient drinks enough fluids to compensate for the urine output, serum sodium levels can remain normal.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder of water balance caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a resistance to its action. ADH regulates the reabsorption of water in the kidneys and prevents excessive urine output. Without enough ADH or with reduced sensitivity to it, the kidneys produce large amounts of diluted urine, leading to frequent urination and thirst. Chronic fatigue and mild confusion may result from dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Serum glucose is not affected by diabetes insipidus, unlike diabetes mellitus, which is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.

A. Less H and HCO3 form, increasing the blood's pH. B. More H and HCO3 form, increasing the blood's pH. C. Less H and HCO3- form, decreasing the blood's pH. D. More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.

Rationale: Hypoventilation is a condition where the breathing rate is too slow or shallow, resulting in insufficient removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. CO2 reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Therefore, when CO2 accumulates in the blood due to hypoventilation, more H2CO3 is formed, which lowers the blood's pH by increasing the concentration of H+ and HCO3-.

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Which clinical laboratory finding is expected with diabetes insipidus?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of frequent urination, excessive thirst, chronic fatigue, and mild confusion. Serum glucose is shown to be within normal limits. Which condition is described?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

How does hypoventilation affect the blood's pH?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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