Which client is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder?

18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days

A client who has a gastrostomy tube

70-year-old with constipation

27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. 18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days: Young children have a higher risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to their smaller body fluid reserves. Prolonged diarrhea can cause significant fluid and electrolyte loss, leading to potential acid-base imbalances.
B. A client who has a gastrostomy tube: While a gastrostomy tube can present risks for infection and nutritional imbalances, it is typically managed to ensure adequate nutrition and fluid intake, making electrolyte imbalances less likely unless complications arise.
C. 70-year-old with constipation: Constipation alone is less likely to cause significant fluid and electrolyte disturbances compared to prolonged diarrhea, although chronic constipation can lead to other complications such as fecal impaction.
D. 27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting: A short-term episode of nausea and vomiting can lead to temporary fluid and electrolyte imbalances, but it is less severe compared to several days of diarrhea, particularly in a young child.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Headache. Headache is a common adverse effect of ondansetron.
B. Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia is not typically associated with ondansetron.
C. Constipation. Constipation is a known side effect of ondansetron.
D. Prolonged QT interval: Ondansetron can cause prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias.
E. Diarrhea: This is correct. Diarrhea can also occur as an adverse effect of ondansetron.

A. Replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes B. Treatment with stimulant laxatives C. Treatment with PPIs to decrease stomach acid D. Decrease food intake

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes: Pancreatic insufficiency results in a lack of digestive enzymes, leading to malabsorption of nutrients. Enzyme replacement therapy is essential to aid in digestion and nutrient absorption.
B. Treatment with stimulant laxatives: Stimulant laxatives are used to treat constipation by increasing bowel motility. They do not address the underlying enzyme deficiency in pancreatic insufficiency and can potentially cause further nutrient loss.
C. Treatment with PPIs to decrease stomach acid: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid production and are used for conditions like GERD. They do not address the enzyme deficiency caused by pancreatic insufficiency.
D. Decrease food intake: Reducing food intake does not treat pancreatic insufficiency and can lead to malnutrition. The goal is to support normal digestion and nutrient absorption through enzyme replacement.

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Which client is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer ondansetron (Zofran) to a client. For which of the following adverse effects of ondansetron should the nurse monitor? (Select All that Apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A client has been diagnosed with pancreatic insufficiency. Which treatment option does the nurse anticipate for this client?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which instruction is most appropriate for a client who is prescribed pancrelipase (Cotazym)?

What is the best method for the nurse to ensure that the patient is correctly using an inhaler?

Gas exchange occurs in which of the following structures?

The nurse is caring for a client with asthma. The client asks the nurse what structures make up the upper respiratory tract. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

The nurse is teaching a client about digestion. Which statement reflects that the client understands the teaching?

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has cancer and is receiving opioids for pain relief. The client has a new prescription for docusate PO daily. When collecting data from the client, which of the following therapeutic effects of docusate should the nurse expect?

A patient, newly diagnosed with a peptic ulcer, needs more education when he states:

A nurse is reviewing medications for a client who has just been diagnosed with a small bowel obstruction. The nurse should withhold senna prescribed orally based on understanding of which of the following?