Which assessment is a nonverbal sign of pain? (Select all that apply.)
Increased agitation
Decreased attention span
Grimacing
Reported pain of 5/10
Increase in heart rate
Correct Answer : A,C,E
Choice A reason: Increased agitation is a nonverbal sign of pain, because it indicates that the client is restless, uncomfortable, or distressed by the pain. Agitation can manifest as fidgeting, tossing, turning, moaning, or groaning.
Choice B reason: Decreased attention span is not a nonverbal sign of pain, but rather a cognitive or behavioral sign of pain. Decreased attention span means that the client has difficulty focusing, concentrating, or remembering things, which can be affected by pain. However, decreased attention span is not a direct expression of pain, but rather a consequence of pain.
Choice C reason: Grimacing is a nonverbal sign of pain, because it indicates that the client is experiencing facial muscle tension, contraction, or distortion due to the pain. Grimacing can manifest as frowning, wrinkling the forehead, pursing the lips, or clenching the teeth.
Choice D reason: Reported pain of 5/10 is not a nonverbal sign of pain, but rather a verbal sign of pain. Reported pain of 5/10 means that the client has communicated the intensity of their pain using a numerical scale, which is a subjective and selfreported measure of pain. However, reported pain of 5/10 is not a direct expression of pain, but rather a description of pain.
Choice E reason: Increase in heart rate is a nonverbal sign of pain, because it indicates that the client is experiencing physiological changes due to the pain. Increase in heart rate can manifest as tachycardia, palpitations, or arrhythmias.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, which normally live in the mouth, throat, vagina, and intestines. In people with AIDS, the immune system is weakened and cannot control the growth of Candida, leading to oral thrush, esophagitis, vaginitis, or systemic candidiasis.
Choice B reason: Hodgkin's lymphoma is not an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It is characterized by the presence of ReedSternberg cells, which are abnormal lymphocytes. The exact cause of Hodgkin's lymphoma is unknown, but it is not related to any specific infection.
Choice C reason: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a fungal infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci, which normally lives in the lungs of healthy people without causing any symptoms. In people with AIDS, the immune system is weakened and cannot prevent the invasion of Pneumocystis jiroveci, leading to pneumonia, which is a serious and potentially fatal lung infection.
Choice D reason: Clostridium difficile is not an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Clostridium difficile is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium difficile, which normally lives in the colon of healthy people without causing any problems. In some cases, the use of antibiotics can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the colon and allow Clostridium difficile to overgrow and produce toxins, leading to diarrhea, colitis, or pseudomembranous colitis. This infection can affect anyone, regardless of their HIV status.
Choice E reason: NonHodgkin's lymphoma is an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. NonHodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal lymphocytes, which may be B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells. NonHodgkin's lymphoma is associated with several infections, such as EpsteinBarr virus, human herpesvirus 8, hepatitis C virus, and human Tcell leukemia virus, which may trigger the transformation of lymphocytes in people with AIDS.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is correct and should be included in the nurse's teaching. It informs the client about the availability and benefits of adaptive devices that can enhance their home safety and independence. It also shows the nurse's empathy and respect for the client's needs and preferences.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect and should not be included in the nurse's teaching. It reflects the nurse's personal opinion and bias, and it may discourage the client from seeking help or expressing their pain. It also shows the nurse's lack of understanding and compassion for the client's condition and challenges.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect and should not be included in the nurse's teaching. It suggests an unsafe and hazardous practice that can increase the risk of falls and injuries for the client. It also shows the nurse's negligence and irresponsibility for the client's home safety.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect and should not be included in the nurse's teaching. It implies that the client is noncompliant and blames them for their home safety issues. It also shows the nurse's judgmental and accusatory attitude towards the client.
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